目录前言一、通过 ref 拿到 dom 的引用适用场景示例代码二、通过父容器的 ref 遍历拿到 dom 引用适用场景示例代码三、通过子组件 emit 传递 ref适用场景示例代码四
最近主管提出了许多优化用户体验的要求,其中很多涉及 dom
操作。本文将 Vue3 中常见的 dom
操作总结了一下。觉得文章不错、或对自己开发有所帮助!
<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<div ref="sectionRef" class="ref-section"></div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const sectionRef = ref()
</script>
通过对 div
元素添加 ref
属性,为了获取到这个元素,我们声明了一个与 ref
属性名称相同的变量,然后通过 [变量名].value
的形式即可获取该 div
元素。
dom
元素或者个数较少的场景<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<p>通过 ref 直接拿到 dom</p>
<div ref="sectionRef" class="ref-section"></div>
<button @click="action" class="btn">变高</button>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const sectionRef = ref()
let height = 100;
const action= () => {
height += 50;
sectionRef.value.style = `height: ${height}px`;
}
</script>
<style lang="sCSS" scoped>
.demo1-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
.ref-section {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
}
.btn {
width: 200px;
height: 50px;
background-color: gray;
color: #fff;
margin-top: 100px;
}
}
</style>
通过对父元素添加 ref
属性,并声明一个与 ref
属性名称相同的变量 list
,此时通过 list.value
会获得包含子元素的 dom
对象。此时可以通过 list.value.children[index]
的形式获取子元素 dom
。
<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<div ref="list" class="list-section">
<div @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref, Reactive } from 'vue'
const list = ref()
v-for
循环生成的固定数量元素的场景。<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<p>通过父容器遍历拿到dom</p>
<div ref="list" class="list-section">
<div @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref, reactive } from 'vue'
const list = ref()
const state = reactive({
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
})
const higherAction = (index: number) => {
let height = listRef.value.children[index].style.height ? listRef.value.children[index].style.height : '20px';
height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
listRef.value.children[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo2-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
.list-section {
width: 200px;
.list-item {
width: 200px;
height: 20px;
background-color: pink;
color: #333;
transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
}
}
</style>
通过对子组件添加 ref
属性,并声明一个与 ref
属性名称相同的变量 childRef
,此时通过 emit
将 childRef.value
作为一个 dom
引用传递出去。
<template>
<div ref="childRef" @click="cellAction" class="cell-item">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const props = defineProps({
item: Number
})
const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']);
const childRef = ref();
const cellAction = () => {
emit('cellTap', childRef.value);
}
</script>
dom
的场景<template>
<div ref="childRef" @click="cellAction" class="cell-item">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const props = defineProps({
item: Number
})
const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']);
const childRef = ref()
const cellAction = () => {
emit('cellTap', childRef.value);
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.cell-item {
width: 200px;
height: 20px;
background-color: pink;
color: #333;
transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
</style>
<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<p>通过子组件emit传递ref</p>
<div class="list-section">
<Cell :item="item" @cellTap="cellTapHandler" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
</Cell>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue'
import Cell from '@/components/Cell.vue'
const state = reactive({
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const cellTapHandler = (el: any) => {
let height = el.style.height ? el.style.height : '20px';
height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
el.style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo2-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
.list-section {
width: 200px;
}
}
</style>
通过 :ref
循环调用 setRefAction
方法,该方法会默认接收一个 el
参数,这个参数就是我们需要获取的 div
元素。
<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<div class="list-section">
<div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue'
const state = reactive({
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const setRefAction = (el: any) => {
state.refList.push(el);
}
</script>
此时可以通过 state.refList[index]
的形式获取子元素 dom
。
v-for
循环生成的不固定数量或者多种元素的场景。<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<p>通过:ref将dom引用放到数组中</p>
<div class="list-section">
<div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue'
const state = reactive({
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const higherAction = (index: number) => {
let height = state.refList[index].style.height ? state.refList[index].style.height : '20px';
height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
state.refList[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
console.log(state.refList[index]);
}
const setRefAction = (el: any) => {
state.refList.push(el);
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo2-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
.list-section {
width: 200px;
.list-item {
width: 200px;
height: 20px;
background-color: pink;
color: #333;
transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
}
}
</style>
1,获取dom的ref元素名称,要对应暴露的名称,不然会出现无效的dom报错,也就是拿到的是null
2,在setup中,使用ref(null)获取dom
3,不能直接在setup里面拿到dom的值,因为setup对应的生命周期是created,所以必须在后续的生命周期钩子里面拿到,比如onMounted
经过了不断探索终于完成了,事后想了一下还是自己的本事不到家,以后还是需要不断提升自己的能力 ~ ~ ~
到此这篇关于Vue3中操作dom的四种方式的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Vue3操作dom方式内容请搜索编程网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持编程网!
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