PHP操作Elasticsearch7.6

目录

• 安装操作elasticsearch的PHP库
• php连接Elasticsearch
• 创建索引和映射
• 添加文档
  • 单一文档索引
  • 批量(bulk)索引
• 获取文档
• 更新文档
  • 部分更新
  • script更新
• 删除文档

首先打开Elasticsearch官网了解对应编程语言的api https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/index.html

点击 PHP API即可查看当前7.X版本的文档内容了

安装操作Elasticsearch的PHP库

我们使用TP5来作为示例

首先需要安装操作Elasticsearch的PHP客户端库，我们打开Https://packaGISt.org/，搜索Elasticsearch。

这里有个Elasticsearch-PHP和Elasticsearch版本的对照表，我们需要根据我们自己使用的Elasticsearch的版本下载对应的Elasticsearch-PHP

由于我的Elasticsearch版本是7.6.2，所以这里我们可以下载最新的Elasticsearch-PHP版本为7.8.0

我们进入到自己的项目目录里安装Elasticsearch-PHP

composer require elasticsearch/elasticsearch=7.8.*

PHP连接Elasticsearch

官方配置文档：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/php-api/current/configuration.html

$hosts = [
    "127.0.0.1:9200", //IP+端口
];
$client = ElasticsearchClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
var_dump($client);

创建索引和映射

创建一个名为users的索引同时创建映射，并制定映射中各个字段的类型

$hosts = [
    "127.0.0.1:9200", //IP+端口
];
$client = ElasticsearchClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$params = [
    "index" => "users",
    "body" => [
        "settings" => [
            "number_of_shards" => 3,
            "number_of_replicas" => 2
        ],
        "mappings" => [
            "_source" => [
                "enabled" => true
            ],
            "properties" => [
                "name" => [
                    "type" => "keyword"
                ],
                "age" => [
                    "type" => "integer"
                ],
                "mobile" => [
                    "type" => "text"
                ],
                "email" => [
                    "type" => "text"
                ],
                "birthday" => [
                    "type" => "date"
                ],
                "address" => [
                    "type" => "text"
                ]
            ]
        ]
    ]
];


// Create the index with mappings and settings now
$response = $client->indices()->create($params);
dump($response);

添加文档

当你要在 Elasticsearch 增加文档时，你就需要索引 JSON 文档。jsON 文档会映射 PHP 关联数组，因为 PHP 关联数组可以 encode 为 JSON 数据格式。

因此在 Elasticsearch-PHP 中你可以传递关联数组给客户端来索引文档。我们会概述几种方法来增加文档到 Elasticsearch。

单一文档索引

当索引一个文档时，你可以提供一个 ID 或者让 Elasticsearch 自动生成。

现在有如下数据，我们将其添加到users索引中

$hosts = [
    "127.0.0.1:9200", //IP+端口
];
$client = ElasticsearchClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();

$params = [
    "index" => "users",
    "id"    => 1,
    "body"  => [
        "name"     => "张三",
        "age"      => 10,
        "email"    => "zs@gmail.com",
        "birthday" => "1990-12-12",
        "address"  => "北京"
    ]
];
$client->index($params);

通过Kibana可以查看到已经成功添加到Elasticsearch中

批量(bulk)索引

Elasticsearch 也支持批量（bulk）索引文档。bulk API 要求提供 JSON 格式的 action/元数据 键值对。在 PHP 中构建批量文档数据也是相似的。你首先要创建一个 action 数组对象（如 index 对象），然后你还要创建一个 body 对象。而 PHP 程序则重复上述操作构建文档数据。

$hosts = [
    "127.0.0.1:9200", //IP+端口
];
$client = ElasticsearchClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$arr = [
    ["name" => "张三", "age" => 10, "email" => "zs@gmail.com", "birthday" => "1990-12-12", "address" => "北京"],
    ["name" => "李四", "age" => 20, "email" => "ls@gmail.com", "birthday" => "1990-10-15", "address" => "河南"],
    ["name" => "白兮", "age" => 15, "email" => "bx@gmail.com", "birthday" => "1970-08-12", "address" => "杭州"],
    ["name" => "王五", "age" => 25, "email" => "ww@gmail.com", "birthday" => "1980-12-01", "address" => "四川"],
];

foreach ($arr as $key => $document) {
    $params["body"][] = [
        "index" => [
            "_index" => "users",
            "_id"    => $key
        ]
    ];

    $params["body"][] = [
        "name"     => $document["name"],
        "age"      => $document["age"],
        "email"    => $document["email"],
        "birthday" => $document["birthday"],
        "address"  => $document["address"]
    ];
}
if (isset($params) && !empty($params)) {
    $client->bulk($params);
}

如果数据量不多可以用上面的方法，如果数据量很多的话，我们就可以考虑分次添加

获取文档

Elasticsearch 提供实时获取文档的方法。这意味着只要文档被索引且客户端收到消息确认后，你就可以立即在任何的分片中检索文档。Get 操作通过 index/type/id 方式请求一个文档信息：

$hosts = [
    "127.0.0.1:9200", //IP+端口
];
$client = ElasticsearchClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$params = [
    "index" => "users",
    "id"    => 1
];
$response = $client->get($params);
dump($response);

更新文档

部分更新

如果你要部分更新文档（如更改现存字段，或添加新字段），你可以在 body 参数中指定一个 doc 参数。这样 doc 参数内的字段会与现存字段进行合并。

$hosts = [
    "127.0.0.1:9200", //IP+端口
];
$client = ElasticsearchClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$params = [
    "index" => "users",
    "id"    => 1,
    "body"  => [
        "doc" => [
            "mobile" => "17612345678"
        ]
    ]
];
$response = $client->update($params);
dump($response);

script更新

有时你要执行一个脚本来进行更新操作，如对字段进行自增操作或添加新字段。为了执行一个脚本更新，你要提供脚本命令和一些参数：

例如：将李四的年龄增加5岁

$hosts = [
    "127.0.0.1:9200", //IP+端口
];
$client = ElasticsearchClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$params = [
    "index" => "users",
    "id"    => "1",
    "body"  => [
        "script" => "ctx._source.age += 5",
    ]
];
$response = $client->update($params);
dump($response);

通过Kibana查看发现年龄已经增加了5岁

删除文档

通过指定文档的 /index/type/id 路径可以删除文档：

$hosts = [
    "127.0.0.1:9200", //IP+端口
];
$client = ElasticsearchClientBuilder::create()->setHosts($hosts)->build();
$params = [
    "index" => "users",
    "id"    => 2,
];
$response = $client->delete($params);
dump($response);