oracle如何手动建库

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1、-- 查看服务器 ORA 环境变量情况
[oracle@orastb ~]$ env|grep ORA
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

2、-- 创建参数文件
[oracle@orastb ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
[oracle@orastb dbs]$ ls
afiedt.buf hc_testdb.dat lkTESTDB2 spfiletestdb1.ora
hc_boncstb.dat inittestdb1.ora orapwboncstb spfiletestdb2.ora
hc_OMS.dat inittestdb2.ora orapwtestdb1
hc_testdb1.dat lkBONCSTB orapwtestdb2
hc_testdb2.dat lkTESTDB1 spfileboncstb.ora
[oracle@orastb dbs]$ touch initqixindb.ora
[oracle@orastb dbs]$ cat initqixindb.ora

memory_target=17179870000
*.db_name='QIXINDB'
*.processes = 300
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/qixindb/adump'
*.audit_trail ='db'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=10G
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=tcp) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300 
*.remote_login_passWordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='undotbs01'
# You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical
# devices
*.control_files='/oradata/qixindb/control01.ctl','/oradata/flash_recovery_area_qixindb/qixindb/control02.ctl'
*.compatible ='11.2.0'

3、-- 创建参数文件及建库所需目录 
[oracle@orastb dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/qixindb/adump
[oracle@orastb dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
[oracle@orastb dbs]$ mkdir -p /oradata/qixindb/
[oracle@orastb dbs]$ mkdir -p /oradata/flash_recovery_area_qixindb/qixindb/
[oracle@orastb dbs]$ mkdir -p /oradata/qixindb/redolog/

4、 -- 登录,启动数据库到nomount ， 执行手工建库脚本
[oracle@orastb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.

(11G)SYS@qixindb> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1.7170E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2260128 bytes
Variable Size 9261024096 bytes
Database Buffers 7851737088 bytes
Redo Buffers 54951936 bytes

(11G)SYS@qixindb> show parameter memory_

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
hi_shared_memory_address integer 0
memory_max_target big integer 16448M
memory_target big integer 16448M
shared_memory_address integer 0

(11G)SYS@qixindb>
CREATE DATABASE qixindb
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY BOnC#oracle123
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY BOnc#oracle123
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/oradata/qixindb/redolog/redo01a.log','/oradata/qixindb/redolog/redo01b.log') SIZE 1G BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 ('/oradata/qixindb/redolog/redo02a.log','/oradata/qixindb/redolog/redo02b.log') SIZE 1G BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 ('/oradata/qixindb/redolog/redo03a.log','/oradata/qixindb/redolog/redo03b.log') SIZE 1G BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 4 ('/oradata/qixindb/redolog/redo04a.log','/oradata/qixindb/redolog/redo04b.log') SIZE 1G BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 5 ('/oradata/qixindb/redolog/redo05a.log','/oradata/qixindb/redolog/redo05b.log') SIZE 1G BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 6 ('/oradata/qixindb/redolog/redo06a.log','/oradata/qixindb/redolog/redo06b.log') SIZE 1G BLOCKSIZE 512
MAXLOGFILES 15
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 300
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
NATioNAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/oradata/qixindb/system01.dbf' SIZE 8G REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/oradata/qixindb/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 8G REUSE
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
DATAFILE '/oradata/qixindb/users01.dbf'
SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND OFF
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts01
TEMPFILE '/oradata/qixindb/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 30G REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs01
DATAFILE '/oradata/qixindb/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 30G REUSE AUTOEXTEND OFF;

Database created.

(11G)SYS@qixindb> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE

(11G)SYS@qixindb> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
(11G)SYS@qixindb> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1.7170E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2260128 bytes
Variable Size 9261024096 bytes
Database Buffers 7851737088 bytes
Redo Buffers 54951936 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

[oracle@orastb dbs]$ orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwqixindb password=BOnc#oracle123
[oracle@orastb dbs]$ ll orapwqixindb 
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Aug 30 16:09 orapwqixindb

(11G)SYS@qixindb> show parameter pfile

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string

(11G)SYS@qixindb> create spfile from pfile;
File created.

(11G)SYS@qixindb> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

(11G)SYS@qixindb> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1.7170E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2260128 bytes
Variable Size 9261024096 bytes
Database Buffers 7851737088 bytes
Redo Buffers 54951936 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

-- 建库完成后，跑三个脚本

-- sys用户登录
In SQL*Plus, connect to your Oracle Database instance with the SYSDBA administrative privilege:
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

-- system用户登录
In SQL*Plus, connect to your Oracle Database instance as SYSTEM user:
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

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