这篇文章主要讲解了“Rhel7_oracle11g_rac安装方法是什么”,文中的讲解内容简单清晰,易于学习与理解,下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来研究和学习“Rhel7_Oracle11g_rac
这篇文章主要讲解了“Rhel7_oracle11g_rac安装方法是什么”,文中的讲解内容简单清晰,易于学习与理解,下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来研究和学习“Rhel7_Oracle11g_rac安装方法是什么”吧!
1、禁用selinux
getenforce
setenforce 0
vim /etc/selinux/config
2、关闭防火墙、禁止开机启动
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
3、修改主机名
主机名中禁止使用下划线“_”,建议使用小写字母,长度小于8位
hostnamectl set-hostname mydb1
hostnamectl set-hostname mydb2
修改完重新登录
4、配置yum
mount -t iso9660 -o loop /dev/sr0 /media/
cat rhel7.repo
[base]
name=rhel7.7
baseurl=file:///media
enable=1
gpGCheck=0
5、关闭没必要的服务
Redhat6:
service iptables stop
service ip6tables stop
chkconfig iptables off
chkconfig ip6tables off
service sshd start
chkconfig sshd on
service Bluetooth stop
chkconfig Bluetooth off
service postfix stop
chkconfig postfix off
service cups stop
chkconfig cups off
service cpuspeed off
chkconfig cpuspeed off
service NetworkManager stop
chkconfig NetworkManager off
service vsftpd stop
chkconfig vsftpd off
service dhcpd stop
chkconfig dhcpd off
service nfs stop
chkconfig nfs off
service nfslock stop
chkconfig nfslock off
service ypbind stop
chkconfig ypbind off
Redhat7:
.................
5、安装依赖包
--检查
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSioN}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' \
binutils \
compat-libcap1 \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-devel \
ksh \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
make \
sysstat
--安装
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat openssh-clients compat-libcap1 xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth elfutils unixODBC unixODBC-devel libXp elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel smartmontools
6、内核参数修改
--计算方法:cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max + 512 * process * instance number
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
--计算方法:getconf PAGE_SIZE TOTAL RAM IN BYTES / PAGE_SIZE
kernel.shmall = 536870912
--计算方法:HALF OF TOTAL RAM IN BYTES
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 4194304
vm.dirty_ratio=20
vm.dirty_background_ratio=3
vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=100
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs=500
vm.swappiness=10
vm.min_free_kbytes=524288
#rp_filter,这里假设 eth3 和 eth4 都是私有网卡
net.ipv4.conf.ens39.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.ens39.rp_filter = 2
#IP分片汇聚的最大/最小内存用量,计算公式:numCPU *130000,逻辑 cpu 为 96,那么 high参数建议至少设置为 12m 以上。同时 low 参数比 high 参数少 1m 即可。
net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh=16777216
net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh=15728640
net.ipv4.ipfrag_time=60
-----修改后如下:
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 536870912
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 4194304
vm.dirty_ratio= 20
vm.dirty_background_ratio= 3
vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs= 100
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs= 500
vm.swappiness= 10
vm.min_free_kbytes= 524288
net.ipv4.conf.ens39.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.ens39.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh=16777216
net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh=15728640
net.ipv4.ipfrag_time=60
7、关闭操作系统透明大页
redhat7
# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
always madvise [never]
--增加transparent_hugepage=never
cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=myvg/swap rd.lvm.lv=myvg/usr
vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rd.lvm.lv=myvg/root crashkernel=auto
vconsole.keymap=us rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
--对grub生效
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-
41c535c189b842eea5a8c20cbd9bff26
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-
41c535c189b842eea5a8c20cbd9bff26.img
done
--关闭tuned服务
# systemctl stop tuned.service
# systemctl disable tuned.service
--重启
reboot
--确认
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
redhat6、redhat7
在/etc/rc.d/rc.local文件中加入下面配置,重启生效:
if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled; then
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
fi
if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag; then
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
fi
重启后确认结果如下:
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
always [never]
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
always [never]
8、ntp设置
Redhat6配置:
# vi /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
# Drop root to id 'ntp:ntp' by default.
OPTIONS="-x -u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid" #启动微调模式
# Set to 'yes' to sync hw clock after successful ntpdate
SYNC_HWCLOCK=yes #同步硬件biOS时间
#vi /etc/ntp.conf
server xx.xx.xx.xx prefer #添加ntp服务器地址为首要地址
server 127.127.1.0 iburst#添加本机为次要同步地址
#vi /etc/ntp/step-tickers
xx.xx.xx.xx#添加ntp服务器地址,设置在ntp启动时自动同步时间
配置完毕后,重启ntpd服务,并查看状态
chkconfig ntpd on
service ntpd restart
ntpstat#查看ntpd服务状态
date #查看时间是否正常
redhat7配置:
yum install ntp
vi /etc/ntp.conf
server 10.5.26.10 iburst
vi /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
OPTIONS="-x -g"
systemctl start ntpd.service
systemctl enable ntpd.service
systemctl status ntpd.service
9、网卡绑定
red6
touch /etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf
echo "alias bondeth0 bonding" >> /etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
DEVICE=bond0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
USERCTL=no
NM_CONTROLLED=no
IPADDR=10.1.2.3
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=10.1.2.254
BONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=100"
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
NM_CONTROLLED=no
echo "ifenslave bond0 eth0 eth2" >>/etc/rc.d/rc.local
重启服务器
查看状态
cat /sys/class/net/bonding_masters
cat /sys/class/net/bondeth0/bonding/mode
cat /proc/net/bonding/bondeth0
通过拔插网线验证
red7
nmcli team
10、网络检查
(1). 确保节点间通信网络(私有网络)是通过单独的交换机连接,而不是直连。
(2). 确保所有节点的连接到相同网络的网卡名称、网络子网都一样。比如连接到 public
网络的网卡名称都叫 eth0,其 IP 地址子网都是 133.37.x.0,子网掩码都为
255.255.255.0。
(3). 确保系统中有且只有一个默认路由,并且是通过 public 网络到达默认路由。
(4). 确保网卡到网络的带宽是正确的。
#ethtool eth2
Settings for eth2:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Supports auto-neGotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Speed: 1000Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 1
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
Supports Wake-on: umbg
Wake-on: g
Current message level: 0x00000003 (3)
Link detected: yes
上面的 Speed: 1000Mb/s 表示连接的实际网络带宽为 1000Mbps。虽然交换机、网卡都
是 1000Mbps 或以上带宽,但有时由于端口问题、网络线缆问题等原因,实际带宽
并没有这么多。
(5). 确保在私有网络上开启了多播。可以在 Oracle 官方支持网站上下载 mcasttest.pl
脚本进行检查
11、存储多路径配置
见 https://www.modb.pro/db/14031
12、创建用户组
groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
groupadd -g 1001 dba
groupadd -g 1002 oper
groupadd -g 1003 asmadmin
groupadd -g 1004 asmoper
groupadd -g 1005 asmdba
useradd -u 1000 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba oracle
useradd -u 1001 -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper grid
13、limits限制
touch /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf
grid soft nproc 16384
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 10240
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 32768
grid soft memlock unlimited
grid hard memlock unlimited
grid soft core unlimited
grid hard core unlimited
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 10240
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle soft memlock unlimited
oracle hard memlock unlimited
oracle soft core unlimited
oracle hard core unlimited
touch /etc/profile.d/oracle-grid.sh
#Setting the appropriate ulimits for oracle and grid user
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $shell = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -u 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
if [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -u 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
14、创建目录
集群软件BASE目录:/u01/app/oracle
集群软件HOME目录:/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
数据库软件BASE目录:/u01/app/oracle
数据库软件HOME目录:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/
chmod -R 755 /u01
15、设置oracle、grid用户环境变量
oracle:
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_SID=racdb1;
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_home
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
umask 022
grid:
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_OWNER=grid
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin$:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export PATH
umask 022
16、修改hosts文件
Public IP:别名直接使用主机名,即uname –a返回的机器名;
Private IP: 别名为主机名-priv。
Virtual IP:别名为主机名-vip。
SCAN IP:别名为数据库名-scan。
#Public Ip
192.168.0.203 mydb1
192.168.0.204 mydb2
#Virtual Ip
192.168.0.205 mydb1-vip
192.168.0.206 mydb2-vip
#Private Ip
192.168.124.203 mydb1-priv
192.168.124.204 mydb2-priv
#Scan Ip
192.168.0.207 racdb-scan
17、设置互信
安装grid软件时使用sshUserSetup.sh快速创建互信, $node1 $node2变量参数需要根据实际节点名称进行内容调整。
在一个节点上执行即可(可以在root用户下执行):
./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts "$node1 $node2" -advanced -exverify –confirm
./sshUserSetup.sh -user oracle -hosts "$node1 $node2" -advanced -exverify -confirm
18、命名规范
1)集群(CLUSTER)的命名规则
Cluster name本身没有特殊用途,仅在使用其他管理工具统一管理不同RAC实例时有用,不得超过15个字符。
${DB_NAME}-cls
2)SCAN的命名规则
SCAN 名称本身没有特殊用途,仅在使用其他管理工具统一管理时有用,不得超过15个字符。
${DB_NAME}-scan
19、安装时检查忽略选项
1)Package:pdksh-5.2.14
2)Device Checks for AM
3)Task resolv.conf Integrity
20、grid集群软件安装,在执行root.sh脚本前,添加ohas服务
touch /usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service
chmod 777 /usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service
ohas.service :
[Unit]
Description=Oracle High Availability Services
After=syslog.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/init.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 Type=simple
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable ohas.service
systemctl start ohas.service
systemctl status ohas.service
21、在两个节点分别执行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh脚本
执行顺序:1节点orainstRoot.sh,2节点orainstRoot.sh,1节点root.sh,2节点root.sh
1节点:
[root@mydb1 system]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@mydb1 system]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
PerfORMing root user operation for Oracle 11g
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
User ignored Prerequisites during installation
Installing Trace File Analyzer
OLR initialization - successful
root wallet
root wallet cert
root cert export
peer wallet
profile reader wallet
pa wallet
peer wallet keys
pa wallet keys
peer cert request
pa cert request
peer cert
pa cert
peer root cert TP
profile reader root cert TP
pa root cert TP
peer pa cert TP
pa peer cert TP
profile reader pa cert TP
profile reader peer cert TP
peer user cert
pa user cert
Adding Clusterware entries to inittab
**ohasd failed to start** ##出现该提示需要重启ohas.service服务
Failed to start the Clusterware. Last 20 lines of the alert log follow:
2020-01-10 08:16:18.019:
[client(23496)]CRS-2101:The OLR was formatted using version 3.
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'mydb1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'mydb1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'mydb1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'mydb1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.CSSdmonitor' on 'mydb1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'mydb1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'mydb1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'mydb1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'mydb1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'mydb1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'mydb1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'mydb1' succeeded
已成功创建并启动 ASM。
已成功创建磁盘组OCRDG。
clscfg: -install mode specified
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
Successful addition of voting disk 992a298111ba4fb8bf16c75cdd232ca8.
Successfully replaced voting disk group with +OCRDG.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
## STATEFile Universal IdFile Name Disk group
-- ------------------------------- ---------
1. ONLINE 992a298111ba4fb8bf16c75cdd232ca8 (/dev/mapper/asm_ocr1p1) [OCRDG]
Located 1 voting disk(s).
sh: /bin/netstat: 没有那个文件或目录
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'mydb1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'mydb1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.OCRDG.dg' on 'mydb1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.OCRDG.dg' on 'mydb1' succeeded
软件包准备中...
cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.x86_64
Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded
2节点:
[root@mydb2 etc]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@mydb2 etc]#
[root@mydb2 etc]# cd
[root@mydb2 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
User ignored Prerequisites during installation
Installing Trace File Analyzer
OLR initialization - successful
Adding Clusterware entries to inittab
**ohasd failed to start** ##出现该提示需要重启ohas.service服务
Failed to start the Clusterware. Last 20 lines of the alert log follow:
2020-01-10 08:27:01.458:
[client(21808)]CRS-2101:The OLR was formatted using version 3.
CRS-4402: The CSS daemon was started in exclusive mode but found an active CSS daemon on node mydb1, number 1, and is terminating
An active cluster was found during exclusive startup, restarting to join the cluster
sh: /bin/netstat: 没有那个文件或目录
软件包准备中...
cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.x86_64
Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded
22、报错忽略
1)Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for aCluster
2)Oracle Cluster Verification Utility
23、数据库软件安装检查忽略项
1)Package:pdksh-5.2.14
2)Task resolv.conf Integrity
3)Single Client Access Name(SCAN)
23、安装报错
提示:Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs'of makefile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'.
解决方法如下:
cd $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib
cp ins_emagent.mk ins_emagent.mk.bak
vi ins_emagent.mk
/NMECTL 快速定位,修改如下:
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11
说明:第一个是字母l 后面两个是数字1
然后点击 Retry
24、root用户下,在两个节点分别执行root.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home/root.sh
[root@mydb2 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
25、使用asmca配置实例安装所需磁盘
REDODG
DATADG
ARCHDG
26、使用dbca创建实例
27、配置hugepage,大页内存
使用大内存页有哪些好处:
1. 减少页表(Page Table)大小。每一个Huge Page,对应的是连续的2MB物理内存,这样12GB的物理内存只需要48KB的Page Table,与原来的24MB相比减少很多。
2. Huge Page内存只能锁定在物理内存中,不能被交换到交换区。这样避免了交换引起的性能影响。
3. 由于页表数量的减少,使得CPU中的TLB(可理解为CPU对页表的CACHE)的命中率大大提高。
4. 针对Huge Page的页表,在各进程之间可以共享,也降低了Page Table的大小。实际上这里可以反映出Linux在分页处理机制上的缺陷。而其他操作系统,比如AIX,对于共享内存段这样的内存,进程共享相同的页表,避免了Linux的这种问题。像笔者维护的一套系统,连接数平常都是5000以上,实例的SGA在60GB左右,要是按Linux的分页处理方式,系统中大部分内存都会被页表给用掉。
实施步骤如下:
1)检查/proc/meminfo
grep -i hugepage /proc/meminfo
2)计算HugePages_Total大小,使用hugepages_settings.sh脚本进行计算:
#!/bin/bash
KERN=`uname -r | awk -F. '{ printf("%d.%d\n",$1,$2); }'`
# Find out the HugePage size
HPG_SZ=`grep Hugepagesize /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}'`
# Start from 1 pages to be on the safe side and guarantee 1 free HugePage
NUM_PG=1
# Cumulative number of pages required to handle the running shared memory segments
for SEG_BYTES in `ipcs -m | awk '{print $5}' | grep "[0-9][0-9]*"`
do
MIN_PG=`echo "$SEG_BYTES/($HPG_SZ*1024)" | bc -q`
if [ $MIN_PG -gt 0 ]; then
NUM_PG=`echo "$NUM_PG+$MIN_PG+1" | bc -q`
fi
done
# Finish with results
case $KERN in
'2.4') HUGETLB_POOL=`echo "$NUM_PG*$HPG_SZ/1024" | bc -q`;
echo "Recommended setting: vm.hugetlb_pool = $HUGETLB_POOL" ;;
'2.6') MEM_LOCK=`echo "$NUM_PG*$HPG_SZ" | bc -q`;
echo "Recommended setting within the kernel boot command line(/etc/sysctl.conf): vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG"
echo "Recommended setting within /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf: oracle soft memlock $MEM_LOCK"
echo "Recommended setting within /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf: oracle hard memlock $MEM_LOCK" ;;
'3.10') MEM_LOCK=`echo "$NUM_PG*$HPG_SZ" | bc -q`;
echo "Recommended setting within the kernel boot command line(/etc/sysctl.conf): vm.nr_hugepages =$NUM_PG"
echo "Recommended setting within /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf: oracle soft memlock $MEM_LOCK"
echo "Recommended setting within /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf: oracle hard memlock $MEM_LOCK" ;;
*) echo "Unrecognized kernel version $KERN. Exiting." ;;
esac
#end ----
3)修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件,增加如下行,根据上步计算的hugepages大小:
vm.nr_hugepages=9218
4)生效
sysctl -p
5)修改/etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf,增加如下,设定oracle用户可以锁定内存的大小 ,以KB为单位,可以设置为具体值,也可设置为unlimited:
oracle soft memlock unlimited
oracle hard memlock unlimited
6)重新启动实例
28、修改本地和集群监听端口号为11521
1)修改前确认:
[grid@mydb1 ~]$ srvctl config listener
Name: LISTENER
Network: 1, Owner: grid
Home: <CRS home>
End points: tcp:1521
[grid@mydb1 ~]$ srvctl config scan_listener
SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN1 exists. Port: TCP:1521
2)在集群下修改listener、scan_listener端口为11521,在一个节点执行
srvctl modify listener -l LISTENER -p "TCP:11521"
srvctl modify scan_listener -p 11521
3)修改local_listener,进入sqlplus;
alter system set local_listener = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.205)(PORT = 11521))' scope=both sid='racdb1';
alter system set local_listener = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.206)(PORT = 11521))' scope=both sid='racdb2';
4)修改remote_listener
alter system set remote_listener='racdb-scan:11521' scope=both;
5)在第1个节点关闭本地监听,修改listener.ora、endpoints_listener.ora、tnsnames.ora,并重启本地监听
srvctl stop listener -l LISTENER -n mydb1
cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
--修改1521为11521
vi endpoints_listener.ora
vi listener.ora
srvctl start listener -l LISTENER -n mydb1
srvctl status listener -l LISTENER
srvctl config listener
6)在第2个节点关闭本地监听,修改listener.ora、endpoints_listener.ora、tnsnames.ora,并重启本地监听
srvctl stop listener -l LISTENER -n mydb2
cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
--修改1521为11521
vi endpoints_listener.ora
vi listener.ora
srvctl start listener -l LISTENER -n mydb2
srvctl status listener -l LISTENER
srvctl config listener
7)修改ASM 监听端口 (如果不修改asm监听端口,lsnrctl status查看监听状态时不会显示asm服务监听状态)
su - grid
sqlplus / as sysdba
alter system set local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.0.205)(PORT=11521))' scope=both sid='+ASM1';
alter system set local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.0.206)(PORT=11521))' scope=both sid='+ASM2';
lsnrctl status
29、asm参数优化
ASM 磁盘组使用的是默认的 1M AU 大小,对于大型数据库,这会造成较多的内存占用,
同时对性能略微有些影响,建议对于新增的用于放置数据文件的 ASM 磁盘组,适当调大 AU
大小,比如 4M 或 8M(2 的幂值)。根据电信运营商的实际经验,建议设置 AU 为 为 4m 。
30、数据库参数修改推荐
Alter system set resource_manager_plan='FORCE:' scope =spfile sid='*';
Alter system set audit_trail=none scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set undo_retention=10800 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set session_cached_cursors=200 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set db_files=2000 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set max_shared_servers=0 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set sec_max_failed_login_attempts=100 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set deferred_segment_creation=false scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set parallel_force_local=true scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set parallel_max_servers=32 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set sec_case_sensitive_logon=false scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set open_cursors=3000 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set open_links =40 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set open_links_per_instance =40 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set db_cache_advice=off scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_b_tree_bitmap_plans"=false scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_gc_policy_time"=0 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_gc_defer_time"=3 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_lm_tickets"=5000 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_optimizer_use_feedback"=false sid='*';
alter system set "_undo_autotune"=false scope=both sid='*';
alter system set "_bloom_filter_enabled"=FALSE scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_cleanup_rollback_entries"=2000 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_px_use_large_pool"=true scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing_rel"=NONE scope=spfile
sid='*';
alter system set "_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing"=NONE scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_optimizer_adaptive_cursor_sharing"=false scope=spfile
sid='*';
alter system set "_optimizer_mjc_enabled"=FALSE scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_sort_elimination_cost_ratio"=1 scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_partition_large_extents"=FALSE scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_index_partition_large_extents"=FALSE scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_clusterwide_global_transactions"=FALSE scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set "_part_access_version_by_number"=FALSE scope=spfile;
alter system set "_partition_large_extents"=FALSE scope=spfile;
alter system set "_sort_elimination_cost_ratio"=1 scope=spfile;
alter system set "_use_adaptive_log_file_sync"=FALSE scope=spfile;
alter system set "_lm_sync_timeout"=1200 scope=spfile;
alter system set "_ksmg_granule_size"=134217728 scope=spfile;
alter system set "_optimizer_cartesian_enabled"=false scope=spfile;
alter system set "_external_scn_logging_threshold_seconds"=3600 scope=spfile;
alter system set "_datafile_write_errors_crash_instance"=false scope=spfile;
alter system set event='28401 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1:60025 trace name
context forever:10949 trace name context forever,level 1' sid='*' scope=spfile;
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