主从复制原理 主从复制线程 主节点 dump Thread:为每个Slave的I/O Thread启动一个dump线程,用于向其发送binary log events 从节点 I/O T
dump Thread:为每个Slave的I/O Thread启动一个dump线程,用于向其发送binary log events
I/O Thread:向Master请求二进制日志事件,并保存于中继日志中
sql Thread:从中继日志中读取日志事件,在本地完成重放
master.info:用于保存slave连接至master时的相关信息,例如账号、密码、服务器地址等
relay-log.info:保存在当前slave节点上已经复制的当前二进制日志和本地replay log日志的对应关系
异步复制
主从数据不一致比较常见
Master/Slave,Master/Master,环状复制
一主多从
从服务器还可以再有从服务器
一从多主:适用于多个不同数据库
STATEMENT(5.0之前)
ROW(5.1之后,推荐)
MIXED
主机 | IP地址 | 类型 |
---|---|---|
Centos7.6 | 192.168.36.101 | Master |
CentOS7.6 | 192.168.36.103 | Slave |
CentOS7.6 | 192.168.36.104 | Slave |
[root@Master ~]#cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=1 # 为Master节点设置一个全局唯一的ID号
binlog_fORMat=row # 基于行复制的数据库语句
log-bin=/data/bin/mysql-bin # 启用二进制日志
[root@Master ~]#service mysqld restart
Restarting mysqld (via systemctl): [ OK ]
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'192.168.36.%' identified by 'centos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 912372 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@Slave-1 ~]#cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=2 # Slave节点设置全局唯一的ID号
read_only # 只读
[root@Slave-1 ~]#systemctl restart mariadb
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.36.101',
-> MASTER_USER='repluser',
-> MASTER_PASSWord='centos',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> slave start;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.36.101
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 7389
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 7673
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes # 从节点的IO线程
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes # 从节点的SQL线程
....
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 # Master与SLave服务器差别延迟
.....
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> show processlist;
+----+----------+----------------------+---------+-------------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State
+----+----------+----------------------+---------+-------------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 | root | localhost | hellodb | Query | 0 | NULL
| 6 | repluser | 192.168.36.103:51516 | NULL | Binlog Dump | 115 | Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be upd
+----+----------+----------------------+---------+-------------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show processlist;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | I
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--
| 4 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | NULL | s
| 5 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 159 | Waiting for master to send event | N
| 6 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 29259 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it | N
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@Slave-2 ~]#yum install -y mariadb-server
[root@Slave-2 ~]#cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=3
read_only
....
[root@Slave-2 ~]#systemctl restart mariadb
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.36.101',
-> MASTER_USER='repluser',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='centos',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> slave start;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
主机 | IP地址 | 类型 |
---|---|---|
CentOS7.6 | 192.168.36.101 | Master-1 |
CentOS7.6 | 192.168.36.103 | Master-2 |
[root@Master-1 data]#cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=1
log_bin # 启用日志
# 为避免ID冲突问题,需要添加下面两行配置:Master-1 为奇数增长,Master-2 为偶数增长
auto_increment_offset=1 # 开始点
auto_increment_increment=2 # 增长幅度
....
[root@Master-2 data]#cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=2
log_bin
auto_increment_offset=2
auto_increment_increment=2
[root@Master-1 ~]#systemctl restart mariadb
[root@Master-2 ~]#systemctl restart mariadb
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'192.168.36.%' identified by 'centos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.36.101',
-> MASTER_USER='repluser',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='centos',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> slave start;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> select user,password,host from user;
+----------+-------------------------------------------+--------------+
| user | password | host |
+----------+-------------------------------------------+--------------+
| root | | localhost |
| root | | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | | ::1 |
| repluser | *128977E278358FF80A246B5046F51043A2B1FCED | 192.168.36.% |
+----------+-------------------------------------------+--------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.36.103',
-> MASTER_USER='repluser',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='centos',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.36.103
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
....
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
....
Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
半同步复制的作用是:主服务器宕机后,所有备份服务器主动向同步数据最多的服务器进行数据的同步,以确保数据损失降到最低。
MariaDB [db1]> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
MariaDB [db1]> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [db1]> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=6000;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [db1]> show variables like '%semi%';
+------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------------+-------+
| rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled | ON |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout | 6000 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level | 32 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave | ON |
+------------------------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@Master data]#cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
...
rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled # 启用插件功能
...
[root@Master data]#systemctl restart mariadb
MariaDB [db1]> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [db1]> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@Slave data]#cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
...
rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled # 启用插件功能
...
[root@Slave data]#systemctl restart mariadb
MariaDB [(none)]> create database db3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (6.00 sec) # 由等待时长可以看出,半同步插件已经起到效果
--结束END--
本文标题: 详细介绍MySQL如何开启主从复制实现数据同步
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