序列化-pickle,JSON1、序列化将对象的状态信息转换为可以存储或者可以传输的形式过程内存中有一些结构数据,希望保存下来冲用,或者发送给别人使用很多游戏允许你在退出的时候保存进度,然后你再次启动的时候
序列化-pickle,JSON
1、序列化
将对象的状态信息转换为可以存储或者可以传输的形式过程
内存中有一些结构数据,希望保存下来冲用,或者发送给别人使用
很多游戏允许你在退出的时候保存进度,然后你再次启动的时候回到退出的地方。
2、常用的一些序列化
pickle,cPickle
jsON
Shelve
YAML
3、序列化对象到磁盘,所有的python支持的类型都可以用pickle做序列化
序列化到磁盘:pickle.dump(obj, file),从磁盘反序列化:pickle.load(file)
序列化到内存:pickle.dumps(obj),从内存反序列化:pickle.loads(str)
#pickle序列化到磁盘,pickle.dump(参数1,参数2),fd是问价句炳
In [1]: import pickle
In [2]: entry = {'a':11, 'b':22}
In [3]: with open('/tmp/1.pickle','wb') as fd: #w表示写方式,b表示二进制
...: pickle.dump(entry, fd)
[root@133 ~]# file /tmp/1.pickle
/tmp/1.pickle: ASCII text
[root@133 ~]cat /tmp/1.pickle
(dp0
S'a'
p1
I11
sS'b'
p2
I22
#pickle.load(fd)从硬盘反序列化,
In [7]: with open('/tmp/1.pickle') as fd:
...: a = pickle.load(fd)
...:
In [8]: a
Out[8]: {'a': 11, 'b': 22}
#pickle序列化数据到内存中,
In [14]: entry = {'a':11, 'b':22}
In [15]: b = pickle.dumps(entry)
In [16]: b
Out[16]: "(dp0\nS'a'\np1\nI11\nsS'b'\np2\nI22\ns."
#pickle.loads(fd)从内存反序列化
In [17]: entry1=pickle.loads(b)
In [19]: entry1
Out[19]: {'a': 11, 'b': 22}
pickle简单应用
[root@133 tmp]# cd /opt/Python/Django/
[root@133 djanGo]# cp -pr simplecmdb simplecmdbbak
[root@133 simplecmdb]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak/simplecmdb
[root@133 simplecmdb]# vim settings.py
#注释掉默认的sqlite3数据库
#DATABASES = {
# 'default': {
# 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
# 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
# }
#}
#指定使用Mysql数据库
DATABASES = {
'default':{
'ENGINE':'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME':'cmdb',
'USER':'root',
'PASSWord':'Amos!@#$',
'HOST':'127.0.0.1',
'PORT':'3306',
}
}
登录mysql,创建数据库cmdb,在数据库cmdb中创建数据表
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# rm -rf db.sqlite3 #删除sqlite3的数据库
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# cd hostinfo/
[root@133 hostinfo]# vim models.py #models.py已经定义了数据表,只要同步即可在mysql中建表
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
vendor = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
product = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
sn = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
cpu_num = models.IntegerField(max_length = 50)
memory = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
osver = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
#查看数据库配置文件有没有错误
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# python manage.py validate
0 errors found
mysql> create database cmdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table django_admin_log
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table hostinfo_host
Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup_members
Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): root
Email address: 1350368559@qq.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysql> use cmdb;
Reading table infORMation for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_cmdb |
+----------------------------+
| auth_group |
| auth_group_permissions |
| auth_permission |
| auth_user |
| auth_user_groups |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| django_admin_log |
| django_content_type |
| django_session |
| hostinfo_host |
| hostinfo_hostgroup |
| hostinfo_hostgroup_members |
+----------------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
修改系统收集信息
[root@133 django]# vim /opt/python/django/sysinformation-pickle.py
import pickle
# d = urllib.urlencode(dic)
d = pickle.dumps(dic) #使用pickle将收集到的信息保存到内存中
#修改视图文件,得到属性文件
[root@133 django]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak/hostinfo/views.py
print req.body
启动django服务器
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# python manage.py runserver 112.65.140.133:8080
执行系统收集脚本:python sysinformation-pickle.py,报错500,排查过程如下:
[root@133 django]# python sysinformation-pickle.py #由于后边的变量值没有收到具体的信息报错
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "sysinformation-pickle.py", line 118, in <module>
req = urllib2.urlopen('Http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect/',d)
File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 126, in urlopen
return _opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 406, in open
response = meth(req, response)
File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 519, in http_response
'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 444, in error
return self._call_chain(*args)
File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 378, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 527, in http_error_default
raise HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), code, msg, hdrs, fp)
urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 500: INTERNAL SERVER ERROR
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# python manage.py runserver 112.65.140.133:8080
Validating models...
0 errors found
January 15, 2017 - 18:00:56
Django version 1.6.5, using settings 'simplecmdb.settings'
Starting development server at http://112.65.140.133:8080/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
#以下是pickle发送到服务器的信息,格式是pickle格式,由simplecmdbbak/hostinfo/views.py处理得到的
(dp0
S'osver'
p1
S'Centos release 6.7 (Final)'
p2
sS'product'
p3
S'PowerEdge R710'
p4
sS'vendor'
p5
S'Dell Inc.'
p6
sS'sn'
p7
S'4HBDT2X'
p8
sS'memory'
p9
S'19976M'
p10
sS'cpu_num'
p11
I8
sS'ip'
p12
(S'br1'
p13
S'112.65.140.133'
p14
S'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23'
p15
tp16
sS'hostname'
p17
S'133'
p18
sS'cpu_model'
p19
S'Intel(R) 2.00GHz'
p20
s.
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
[15/Jan/2017 18:01:04] "POST /hostinfo/collect/ HTTP/1.1" 500 118260
#测试,如果将:sysinformation-pickle.py修改为:
d = urllib.urlencode(dic)
# d = pickle.dumps(dic)
结果就是:
osver=CentOS+release+6.7+%28Final%29&product=PowerEdge+R710&vendor=Dell+Inc.&sn=4HBDT2X&memory=19976M&cpu_num=8&ip=%28%27br1%27%2C+%27112.65.140.133%27%2C+%27A4%3ABA%3ADB%3A20%3A93%3A23%27%29&hostname=133&cpu_model=Intel%28R%29+2.00GHz
133
('br1', '112.65.140.133', 'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23')
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
Dell Inc.
PowerEdge R710
Intel(R) 2.00GHz
8
19976M
4HBDT2X
数据已经发送到djago这里,如何将数据发序列化出来成为字典,即可正常使用。
[root@133 django]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak/hostinfo/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from hostinfo.models import Host
import pickle
# Create your views here.
def collect(req):
if req.POST:
print pickle.loads(req.body)
[root@133 django]# python sysinformation-pickle.py#结果显示已经去得了pickle loads出来的字典了
{'product': 'PowerEdge R710', 'vendor': 'Dell Inc.', 'cpu_num': 8, 'ip': ('br1', '112.65.140.133', 'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23'), 'hostname': '133', 'cpu_model': 'Intel(R) 2.00GHz', 'osver': 'CentOS release 6.7 (Final)', 'sn': '4HBDT2X', 'memory': '19976M'}
[root@133 django]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak/hostinfo/views.py
import pickle
def collect(req):
if req.POST:
obj = pickle.loads(req.body)
hostname = obj['hostname']
print hostname
ip = obj['ip']
print ip
osver = obj['osver']
print osver
vendor = obj['vendor']
print vendor
product = obj['product']
print product
cpu_model = obj['cpu_model']
print cpu_model
cpu_num = obj['cpu_num']
print cpu_num
memory = obj['memory']
print memory
sn = obj['sn']
print sn
:10,27s/req.POST.get/obj/
:10,27s/(/[/
:10,27s/)/]/
[root@133 simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 200)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
vendor = models.CharField(max_length = 200)
product = models.CharField(max_length = 200)
sn = models.CharField(max_length = 200)
cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length = 200)
cpu_num = models.IntegerField(max_length = 200)
memory = models.CharField(max_length = 200)
osver = models.CharField(max_length = 200)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.hostname
数据库字段的长度改为200,然后数据库cmdb删除,重新同步的,结果还是一样。500
搞不清为什么会这样?
另外一个问题:
#d = urllib.urlencode(dic)
d = pickle.dumps(dic)
req = urllib2.urlopen('http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect/',d)
print req.read() #d = urllib.urlencode(dic)
这里的d难道不用urlencode吗?不转换成urlencode格式,怎么能用urllib2.urlopen发送处理呢?
host是实例,不是字典,所以不能这样host['hostname'],只能host.hostname这样来调用属性。
可以在实例化( host = Host())之前来打印hostname、ip等信息,来进行拍错。
这里的d是序列化后的对象,这里可以使用pickle序列化,跟使用json一样。
视频里有三种方式
1. 使用urlencode
2. 使用pickle
3. 使用json
我的问题找到了,原因是:ip = models.IPAddressField() 无法保存元祖。
def collect(req):
if req.POST:
print pickle.loads(req.body)
obj = pickle.loads(req.body)
hostname = obj['hostname']
ip = obj['ip']
osver = obj['osver']
vendor = obj['vendor']
product = obj['product']
cpu_model = obj['cpu_model']
cpu_num = obj['cpu_num']
memory = obj['memory']
sn = obj['sn']
print sn
print 'pickle load ok'
host = Host()
host.hostname = hostname
host.ip = ip
host.osver = osver
host.vendor = vendor
host.product = product
host.cpu_model = cpu_model
host.cpu_num = cpu_num
host.memory = memory
host.sn = sn
print host.sn
host.save()
print "host save ok" #没有打印
print host.sn #没有打印
return HttpResponse('OK')
else:
return HttpResponse('no data')
结果是:
[16/Jan/2017 11:34:20] "POST /hostinfo/collect/ HTTP/1.1" 500 72226
{'product': 'PowerEdge R710', 'vendor': 'Dell Inc.', 'cpu_num': 8, 'ip': ('br1', '112.65.140.133', 'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23'), 'hostname': '133', 'cpu_model': 'Intel(R) 2.00GHz', 'osver': 'CentOS release 6.7 (Final)', 'sn': '4HBDT2X', 'memory': '19976M'}
4HBDT2X
pickle load ok
4HBDT2X
很明显是host.save()没有成功,但是我却不知道为什么没有成功?
最后发现是:
我打印出来的IP被我设置为三个参数:
def parseIfconfig(parsed_data):
dic = {}
tuple_addr= ('lo','vir','vnet','em3','em4')
parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if i and not i.startswith(tuple_addr)]
for lines in parsed_data:
line_list = lines.split('\n')
devname = line_list[0].split()[0]
Macaddr = line_list[0].split()[-1]
ipaddr = line_list[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
break
dic['ip'] = devname,ipaddr,macaddr
return dic
ip如果是:'ip': '112.65.140.133' 就可以保存了
而实际结果是:'ip': ('br1', '112.65.140.133', 'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23')
所以无法保存到数据库中,所以会报错
改为:
dic['ip'] = ipaddr
就ok了
--结束END--
本文标题: 序列化-pickle
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