备份前的检查> show dbs MyDB 0.0625GB admin (empty) bruce 0.0625GB local (emp
备份前的检查
> show dbs
MyDB 0.0625GB
admin (empty)
bruce 0.0625GB
local (empty)
test 0.0625GB
> use MyDB
switched to db MyDB
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4e290aa39a1945747b28f1ee"), "a" : 1, "b" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4e2cd2182a65c81f21566318"), "a" : 3, "b" : 5 }
>
整库备份
monGodump -h dbhost -d dbname -o dbdirectory
-h:MongDB所在服务器地址,例如:127.0.0.1,当然也可以指定端口号:127.0.0.1:27017
-d:需要备份的数据库实例,例如:test
-o:备份的数据存放位置,例如:c:\data\dump,当然该目录需要提前建立,在备份完成后,系统自动在dump目录下建立一个test目录,这个目录里面存放该数据库实例的备份数据。
mongodump的官方说明(可通过mongodump --help查看):
options:
--help produce help message
-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--version print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for
sets)
--port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
-u [ --username ] arg username
-p [ --passWord ] arg password
--dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given
path, instead of connecting to a mongod server -
needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
--directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
directory
--journal enable journaling
-d [ --db ] arg database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
-o [ --out ] arg (=dump) output directory or "-" for stdout
-q [ --query ] arg JSON query
--oplog Use oplog for point-in-time snapshotting
--repair try to recover a crashed database
--forceTableScan force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)
整库恢复
mongorestore -h dbhost -d dbname –directoryperdb dbdirectory
-h:mongoDB所在服务器地址
-d:需要恢复的数据库实例,例如:test,当然这个名称也可以和备份时候的不一样,比如test2
–directoryperdb:备份数据所在位置,例如:c:\data\dump\test,这里为什么要多加一个test,而不是备份时候的dump,读者自己查看提示吧!
–drop:恢复的时候,先删除当前数据,然后恢复备份的数据。就是说,恢复后,备份后添加修改的数据都会被删除,慎用哦!
mongorestore的官方说明(可通过mongorestore --help查看):
options:
--help produce help message
-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--version print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets)
--port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
-u [ --username ] arg username
-p [ --password ] arg password
--dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given
path, instead of connecting to a mongod server -
needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
--directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
directory
--journal enable journaling
-d [ --db ] arg database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
--objcheck validate object before inserting
--filter arg filter to apply before inserting
--drop drop each collection before import
--oplogReplay replay oplog for point-in-time restore
--oplogLimit arg exclude oplog entries newer than provided timestamp
(epoch[:ordinal])
--keepIndexVersion don't upgrade indexes to newest version
--noOptionsRestore don't restore collection options
--noIndexRestore don't restore indexes
--w arg (=1) minimum number of replicas per write
单个collection备份
mongoexport -h dbhost -d dbname -c collectionname -f collectionKey -o dbdirectory
-h: MongoDB所在服务器地址
-d: 需要恢复的数据库实例
-c: 需要恢复的集合
-f: 需要导出的字段(省略为所有字段)
-o: 表示导出的文件名
mongoexport的官方说明(可通过mongoexport --help查看):
--help produce help message
-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--version print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for
sets)
--port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
-u [ --username ] arg username
-p [ --password ] arg password
--dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given
path, instead of connecting to a mongod server -
needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
--directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
directory
--journal enable journaling
-d [ --db ] arg database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
-f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f
name,age
--fieldFile arg file with fields names - 1 per line
-q [ --query ] arg query filter, as a jsON string
--csv export to csv instead of json
-o [ --out ] arg output file; if not specified, stdout is used
--jsonArray output to a json array rather than one object per
line
-k [ --slaveOk ] arg (=1) use secondaries for export if available, default
true
--forceTableScan force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)
单个collection恢复
mongoimport -d dbhost -c collectionname –type csv –headerline –file
-type: 指明要导入的文件格式
-headerline: 批明不导入第一行,因为第一行是列名
-file: 指明要导入的文件路径
mongoimport的官方说明(可通过mongoimport --help查看):
--help produce help message
-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--version print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets)
--port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
-u [ --username ] arg username
-p [ --password ] arg password
--dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given
path, instead of connecting to a mongod server -
needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
--directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
directory
--journal enable journaling
-d [ --db ] arg database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
-f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age
--fieldFile arg file with fields names - 1 per line
--ignoreBlanks if given, empty fields in csv and tsv will be ignored
--type arg type of file to import. default: json (json,csv,tsv)
--file arg file to import from; if not specified stdin is used
--drop drop collection first
--headerline CSV,TSV only - use first line as headers
--upsert insert or update objects that already exist
--upsertFields arg comma-separated fields for the query part of the
upsert. You should make sure this is indexed
--stopOnError stop importing at first error rather than continuing
--jsonArray load a json array, not one item per line. Currently
limited to 16MB.
其他导入与导出操作
1. mongoimport -d my_mongodb -c user user.dat
参数说明:
-d 指明使用的库, 本例中为” my_mongodb”
-c 指明要导出的表, 本例中为”user”
可以看到导入数据的时候会隐式创建表结构
2. mongoexport -d my_mongodb -c user -o user.dat
参数说明:
-d 指明使用的库, 本例中为” my_mongodb”
-c 指明要导出的表, 本例中为”user”
-o 指明要导出的文件名, 本例中为”user.dat”
从上面可以看到导出的方式使用的是JSON 的样式.
--结束END--
本文标题: MongoDB整库备份与还原以及单个collection备份、恢复方法
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