文章目录 前言一、Create操作1.1 单行数据全列插入1.2 多行数据指定列插入1.3 插入更新1.4 插入替换 二、Read操作2.1 SELECT 操作2.1.1 全列查询2.1.
Mysql的 CURD 是一个数据库技术中的缩写词,一般的项目开发的各种参数的基本功能都是CURD,他的作用是用于处理数据的基本原子操作。CURD 分别代表创建(Create)、更新(Update)、读取(Read)和删除(Delete)操作。
新增数据的语法:
INSERT [INTO] table_name[(column [, column] ...)]VALUES (value_list) [, (value_list)] ...value_list: value, [, value] ...
案例:
-- 创建一张学生表CREATE TABLE students(id INT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,sn INT NOT NULL UNIQUE COMMENT '学号',name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,qq VARCHAR(20));
插入两条记录,value_list 数量必须和定义表的列的数量及顺序一致。
注意,这里在插入的时候,也可以不用指定id (当然,那时候就需要明确插入数据到那些列了),那么mysql会使用默认的值进行自增。
mysql> insert into students values (100, 10000, '唐三藏', null);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into students values (101, 10001, '孙悟空', '11111');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)-- 查看插入结果mysql> select * from students;+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| id | sn | name | qq |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| 100 | 10000 | 唐三藏 | NULL || 101 | 10001 | 孙悟空 | 11111 |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
插入两条记录,value_list 数量必须和指定列数量及顺序一致:
mysql> insert into students (id, sn, name) values -> (102, 20001, '曹孟德'), -> (103, 20002, '孙仲谋');Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0-- 查看插入结果mysql> select * from students;+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| id | sn | name | qq |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| 100 | 10000 | 唐三藏 | NULL || 101 | 10001 | 孙悟空 | 11111 || 102 | 20001 | 曹孟德 | NULL || 103 | 20002 | 孙仲谋 | NULL |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql>
由于 主键 或者 唯一键 对应的值已经存在而导致插入失败:
-- 主键冲突mysql> insert into students (id, sn, name) values (100, 10010, '唐玄奘');ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '100' for key 'PRIMARY'-- 唯一键冲突mysql> insert into students (sn, name) values (20001, '曹阿瞒');ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '20001' for key 'sn'mysql>
可以选择性的进行 同步更新操作,语法:
INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATEcolumn = value [, column = value] ...
例如:
mysql> insert into students (id, sn, name) values (100, 10010, '.玄奘 ') on duplicate key update sn = 10010, name='.玄奘 ';Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from students;+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| id | sn | name | qq |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| 100 | 10010 | 唐玄奘 | NULL || 101 | 10001 | 孙悟空 | 11111 || 102 | 20001 | 曹孟德 | NULL || 103 | 20002 | 孙仲谋 | NULL |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
其中:
-- 0 row affected: 表中有冲突数据,但冲突数据的值和 update 的值相等-- 1 row affected: 表中没有冲突数据,数据被插入-- 2 row affected: 表中有冲突数据,并且数据已经被更新-- 通过 MySQL 函数获取受到影响的数据行数SELECT ROW_COUNT();+-------------+| ROW_COUNT() |+-------------+| 2 |+-------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
replace
用于替换,其原则是:
例如:
mysql> replace into students (sn, name) values (20001, '曹阿瞒');Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from students;+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| id | sn | name | qq |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| 100 | 10010 | 唐玄奘 | NULL || 101 | 10001 | 孙悟空 | 11111 || 103 | 20002 | 孙仲谋 | NULL || 106 | 20001 | 曹阿瞒 | NULL |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
其中:
-- 1 row affected: 表中没有冲突数据,数据被插入-- 2 row affected: 表中有冲突数据,删除后重新插入
语法:
SELECT[DISTINCT] {* | {column [, column] ...}[FROM table_name][WHERE ...][ORDER BY column [ASC | DESC], ...]LIMIT ...
案例:
-- 创建表结构CREATE TABLE exam_result (id INT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '同学姓名',chinese float DEFAULT 0.0 COMMENT '语文成绩',math float DEFAULT 0.0 COMMENT '数学成绩',english float DEFAULT 0.0 COMMENT '英语成绩');-- 插入测试数据INSERT INTO exam_result (name, chinese, math, english) VALUES('唐三藏', 67, 98, 56),('孙悟空', 87, 78, 77),('猪悟能', 88, 98, 90),('曹孟德', 82, 84, 67),('刘玄德', 55, 85, 45),('孙权', 70, 73, 78),('宋公明', 75, 65, 30);
mysql> select * from exam_result;+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| id | name | chinese | math | english |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 67 | 98 | 56 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 87 | 78 | 77 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 88 | 98 | 90 || 4 | 曹孟德 | 82 | 84 | 67 || 5 | 刘玄德 | 55 | 85 | 45 || 6 | 孙权 | 70 | 73 | 78 || 7 | 宋公明 | 75 | 65 | 30 |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
【注意】
通常情况下不建议使用*
进行全列查询,原因在于:
- 查询的列越多,意味着需要传输的数据量越大;
- 可能会影响到索引的使用。
指定列的顺序不需要按定义表的顺序来:
mysql> select id,name,english from exam_result;+----+-----------+---------+| id | name | english |+----+-----------+---------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 56 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 77 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 90 || 4 | 曹孟德 | 67 || 5 | 刘玄德 | 45 || 6 | 孙权 | 78 || 7 | 宋公明 | 30 |+----+-----------+---------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
表达式不包含字段:
mysql> select id,name, 10 from exam_result;+----+-----------+----+| id | name | 10 |+----+-----------+----+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 10 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 10 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 10 || 4 | 曹孟德 | 10 || 5 | 刘玄德 | 10 || 6 | 孙权 | 10 || 7 | 宋公明 | 10 |+----+-----------+----+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
表达式包含一个字段:
mysql> select id,name, english + 10 from exam_result;+----+-----------+--------------+| id | name | english + 10 |+----+-----------+--------------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 66 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 87 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 100 || 4 | 曹孟德 | 77 || 5 | 刘玄德 | 55 || 6 | 孙权 | 88 || 7 | 宋公明 | 40 |+----+-----------+--------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
表达式包含多个字段:
mysql> select id,name, chinese + math + english from exam_result;+----+-----------+--------------------------+| id | name | chinese + math + english |+----+-----------+--------------------------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 221 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 242 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 276 || 4 | 曹孟德 | 233 || 5 | 刘玄德 | 185 || 6 | 孙权 | 221 || 7 | 宋公明 | 170 |+----+-----------+--------------------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
语法:
SELECT column [AS] alias_name […] FROM table_name; - - 其中
AS
可以省略
例如:
mysql> select id,name, chinese + math + english as 总分 from exam_result;+----+-----------+--------+| id | name | 总分 |+----+-----------+--------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 221 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 242 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 276 || 4 | 曹孟德 | 233 || 5 | 刘玄德 | 185 || 6 | 孙权 | 221 || 7 | 宋公明 | 170 |+----+-----------+--------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
例如:数学成绩 98 分重复了
mysql> select math from exam_result;+------+| math |+------+| 98 || 78 || 98 || 84 || 85 || 73 || 65 |+------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用 distinct
进行去重:
mysql> select distinct math from exam_result;+------+| math |+------+| 98 || 78 || 84 || 85 || 73 || 65 |+------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
比较运算符:
运算符 | 说明 |
---|---|
>, >=, <, <= | 大于,大于等于,小于,小于等于 |
= | 等于,NULL 不安全,例如 NULL = NULL 的结果是 NULL |
<=> | 等于,NULL 安全,例如 NULL <=> NULL 的结果是 TRUE (1) |
!=, <> | 不等于 |
BETWEEN a0 AND a1 | 范围匹配,[a0, a1],如果 a0 <= value <= a1,返回 TRUE(1) |
IN (option, …) | 如果是 option 中的任意一个,返回 TRUE(1) |
IS NULL | 是 NULL |
IS NOT NULL | 不是 NULL |
LIKE | 模糊匹配。% 表示任意多个(包括 0 个)任意字符;_ 表示任意一个字符 |
逻辑运算符:
运算符 | 说明 |
---|---|
AND | 多个条件必须都为 TRUE(1),结果才是 TRUE(1) |
OR | 任意一个条件为 TRUE(1), 结果为 TRUE(1) |
NOT | 条件为 TRUE(1),结果为 FALSE(0) |
- 英语不及格的同学及英语成绩 ( < 60 )
mysql> select name, english from exam_result where english < 60;+-----------+---------+| name | english |+-----------+---------+| 唐三藏 | 56 || 刘玄德 | 45 || 宋公明 | 30 |+-----------+---------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
- 语文成绩在 [80, 90] 分的同学及语文成绩
-- 使用 AND 进行条件连接mysql> select name, chinese from exam_result where chinese >= 80 and chinese <= 90;+-----------+---------+| name | chinese |+-----------+---------+| 孙悟空 | 87 || 猪悟能 | 88 || 曹孟德 | 82 |+-----------+---------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
-- 使用 BETWEEN ... AND ... 条件mysql> select name, chinese from exam_result where chinese between 80 and 90;+-----------+---------+| name | chinese |+-----------+---------+| 孙悟空 | 87 || 猪悟能 | 88 || 曹孟德 | 82 |+-----------+---------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
- 数学成绩是 58 或者 59 或者 98 或者 99 分的同学及数学成绩
-- 使用 OR 进行条件连接mysql> select name, math from exam_result where math = 58 or math = 59 or math = 98 or math = 99;+-----------+------+| name | math |+-----------+------+| 唐三藏 | 98 || 猪悟能 | 98 |+-----------+------+2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
-- 使用 IN 条件mysql> select name, math from exam_result where math in (58, 59, 98, 99);+-----------+------+| name | math |+-----------+------+| 唐三藏 | 98 || 猪悟能 | 98 |+-----------+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
- 姓孙的同学 及 孙某同学
-- % 匹配任意多个(包括 0 个)任意字符mysql> select name from exam_result where name like '孙%';+-----------+| name |+-----------+| 孙悟空 || 孙权 |+-----------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- _ 匹配严格的一个任意字符mysql> select name from exam_result where name like '孙_';+--------+| name |+--------+| 孙权 |+--------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
- 语文成绩好于英语成绩的同学
-- WHERE 条件中比较运算符两侧都是字段mysql> select name, chinese, english from exam_result where chinese > english;+-----------+---------+---------+| name | chinese | english |+-----------+---------+---------+| 唐三藏 | 67 | 56 || 孙悟空 | 87 | 77 || 曹孟德 | 82 | 67 || 刘玄德 | 55 | 45 || 宋公明 | 75 | 30 |+-----------+---------+---------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
- 总分在 200 分以下的同学
-- WHERE 条件中使用表达式mysql> SELECT name, chinese + math + english 总分 FROM exam_result WHERE chinese + math + english < 200;+-----------+--------+| name | 总分 |+-----------+--------+| 刘玄德 | 185 || 宋公明 | 170 |+-----------+--------+2 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql>
注意:
- 语文成绩 > 80 并且不姓孙的同学
-- AND 与 NOT 的使用mysql> select name, chinese from exam_result where chinese > 80 and name not like '孙%';+-----------+---------+| name | chinese |+-----------+---------+| 猪悟能 | 88 || 曹孟德 | 82 |+-----------+---------+2 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql>
- 孙某同学,否则要求总成绩 > 200 并且 语文成绩 < 数学成绩 并且 英语成绩 > 80
-- 综合性查询mysql> SELECT name, chinese, math, english, chinese + math + english 总分 -> FROM exam_result -> WHERE name LIKE '孙_' OR ( -> chinese + math + english > 200 AND chinese < math AND english > 80 -> );+-----------+---------+------+---------+--------+| name | chinese | math | english | 总分 |+-----------+---------+------+---------+--------+| 猪悟能 | 88 | 98 | 90 | 276 || 孙权 | 70 | 73 | 78 | 221 |+-----------+---------+------+---------+--------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- ASC 为升序(从小到大)-- DESC 为降序(从大到小)-- 默认为 ASCSELECT ... FROM table_name [WHERE ...]ORDER BY column [ASC|DESC], [...];
注意:没有 ORDER BY 子句的查询,返回的顺序是未定义的,永远不要依赖这个顺序。
- 同学名及数学成绩,按数学成绩升序显示
mysql> select name, math from exam_result order by math asc;+-----------+------+| name | math |+-----------+------+| 宋公明 | 65 || 孙权 | 73 || 孙悟空 | 78 || 曹孟德 | 84 || 刘玄德 | 85 || 唐三藏 | 98 || 猪悟能 | 98 |+-----------+------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
- 同学及 qq 号,按 qq 号排序显示
-- NULL 视为比任何值都小,升序出现在最上面mysql> select name, qq from students order by qq;+-----------+-------+| name | qq |+-----------+-------+| 唐玄奘 | NULL || 孙仲谋 | NULL || 曹阿瞒 | NULL || 孙悟空 | 11111 |+-----------+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- NULL 视为比任何值都小,降序出现在最下面mysql> select name, qq from students order by qq desc;+-----------+-------+| name | qq |+-----------+-------+| 孙悟空 | 11111 || 唐玄奘 | NULL || 孙仲谋 | NULL || 曹阿瞒 | NULL |+-----------+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
- 查询同学各门成绩,依次按 数学降序,英语升序,语文升序的方式显示
-- 多字段排序,排序优先级随书写顺序mysql> select name, chinese, math, english from exam_result order by math desc, english, chinese;+-----------+---------+------+---------+| name | chinese | math | english |+-----------+---------+------+---------+| 唐三藏 | 67 | 98 | 56 || 猪悟能 | 88 | 98 | 90 || 刘玄德 | 55 | 85 | 45 || 曹孟德 | 82 | 84 | 67 || 孙悟空 | 87 | 78 | 77 || 孙权 | 70 | 73 | 78 || 宋公明 | 75 | 65 | 30 |+-----------+---------+------+---------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
- 查询同学及总分,由高到低
-- ORDER BY 中可以使用表达式mysql> SELECT name, chinese + english + math FROM exam_result -> ORDER BY chinese + english + math DESC;+-----------+--------------------------+| name | chinese + english + math |+-----------+--------------------------+| 猪悟能 | 276 || 孙悟空 | 242 || 曹孟德 | 233 || 唐三藏 | 221 || 孙权 | 221 || 刘玄德 | 185 || 宋公明 | 170 |+-----------+--------------------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- ORDER BY 子句中可以使用列别名mysql> SELECT name, chinese + english + math 总分 FROM exam_result -> ORDER BY 总分 DESC;+-----------+--------+| name | 总分 |+-----------+--------+| 猪悟能 | 276 || 孙悟空 | 242 || 曹孟德 | 233 || 唐三藏 | 221 || 孙权 | 221 || 刘玄德 | 185 || 宋公明 | 170 |+-----------+--------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> -- 原因在于最后排序是根据查询出来的结果进行排序的,即 select 比 order by 先执行
- 查询姓孙的同学或者姓曹的同学数学成绩,结果按数学成绩由高到低显示
-- 结合 WHERE 子句 和 ORDER BY 子句mysql> select name, math from exam_result -> where name like '孙%' or name like '曹%' -> order by math desc;+-----------+------+| name | math |+-----------+------+| 曹孟德 | 84 || 孙悟空 | 78 || 孙权 | 73 |+-----------+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
-- 起始下标为 0-- 从 0 开始,筛选 n 条结果SELECT ... FROM table_name [WHERE ...] [ORDER BY ...] LIMIT n;-- 从 s 开始,筛选 n 条结果SELECT ... FROM table_name [WHERE ...] [ORDER BY ...] LIMIT s, n;-- 从 s 开始,筛选 n 条结果,比第二种用法更明确,建议使用SELECT ... FROM table_name [WHERE ...] [ORDER BY ...] LIMIT n OFFSET s;
建议:
对未知表进行查询时,最好加一条 LIMIT 1,避免因为表中数据过大,查询全表数据导致数据库卡死。
案例:
按 id 进行分页,每页 3 条记录,分别显示 第 1、2、3 页
-- 第 1 页mysql> select id, name, chinese, math, english from exam_result order by id limit 3 offset 0;+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| id | name | chinese | math | english |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 67 | 98 | 56 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 87 | 78 | 77 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 88 | 98 | 90 |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 第 2 页mysql> select id, name, chinese, math, english from exam_result order by id limit 3 offset 3;+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| id | name | chinese | math | english |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| 4 | 曹孟德 | 82 | 84 | 67 || 5 | 刘玄德 | 55 | 85 | 45 || 6 | 孙权 | 70 | 73 | 78 |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 第 3 页,如果结果不足 3 个,不会有影响mysql> select id, name, chinese, math, english from exam_result order by id limit 3 offset 6;+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| id | name | chinese | math | english |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| 7 | 宋公明 | 75 | 65 | 30 |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
语法:
UPDATE table_name SET column = expr [, column = expr ...][WHERE ...] [ORDER BY ...] [LIMIT ...]
其作用是对查询到的结果进行列值更新。
- 将孙悟空同学的数学成绩变更为 80 分
-- 更新值为具体值-- 查看原数据mysql> select name, math from exam_result where name = '孙悟空';+-----------+------+| name | math |+-----------+------+| 孙悟空 | 78 |+-----------+------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- 数据更新mysql> update exam_result set math = 80 where name = '孙悟空';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0-- 查看更新后数据mysql> select name, math from exam_result where name = '孙悟空';+-----------+------+| name | math |+-----------+------+| 孙悟空 | 80 |+-----------+------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 将曹孟德同学的数学成绩变更为 60 分,语文成绩变更为 70 分
-- 一次更新多个列-- 查看原数据mysql> select name, math, chinese from exam_result where name = '曹孟德';+-----------+------+---------+| name | math | chinese |+-----------+------+---------+| 曹孟德 | 84 | 82 |+-----------+------+---------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- 数据更新mysql> update exam_result set math = 60, chinese = 70 where name = '曹孟德';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0-- 查看更新后数据mysql> select name, math, chinese from exam_result where name = '曹孟德';+-----------+------+---------+| name | math | chinese |+-----------+------+---------+| 曹孟德 | 60 | 70 |+-----------+------+---------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 将总成绩倒数前三的 3 位同学的数学成绩加上 30 分
-- 更新值为原值基础上变更-- 查看原数据-- 别名可以在ORDER BY中使用mysql> select name, math, chinese + math + english 总分 from exam_result order by 总分 limit 3;+-----------+------+--------+| name | math | 总分 |+-----------+------+--------+| 宋公明 | 65 | 170 || 刘玄德 | 85 | 185 || 曹孟德 | 60 | 197 |+-----------+------+--------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 数据更新,不支持 math += 30 这种语法mysql> update exam_result set math = math + 30 order by chinese + math + english limit 3;Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0-- 查看更新后数据-- 注意:这里不能在按照总分前三来查看更新后的数据,因为排名已经发生变化mysql> select name, math, chinese + math + english 总分 from exam_result where name in ('宋公明', '刘玄德', '曹孟德');+-----------+------+--------+| name | math | 总分 |+-----------+------+--------+| 曹孟德 | 90 | 227 || 刘玄德 | 115 | 215 || 宋公明 | 95 | 200 |+-----------+------+--------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 将所有同学的语文成绩更新为原来的 2 倍
注意:更新全表的语句慎用!
-- 没有 WHERE 子句,则更新全表-- 查看原数据mysql> select * from exam_result;+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| id | name | chinese | math | english |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 67 | 98 | 56 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 87 | 80 | 77 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 88 | 98 | 90 || 4 | 曹孟德 | 70 | 90 | 67 || 5 | 刘玄德 | 55 | 115 | 45 || 6 | 孙权 | 70 | 73 | 78 || 7 | 宋公明 | 75 | 95 | 30 |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 数据更新mysql> update exam_result set chinese = chinese * 2;Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 7 Changed: 7 Warnings: 0-- 查看更新后数据mysql> select * from exam_result;+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| id | name | chinese | math | english |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 134 | 98 | 56 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 174 | 80 | 77 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 176 | 98 | 90 || 4 | 曹孟德 | 140 | 90 | 67 || 5 | 刘玄德 | 110 | 115 | 45 || 6 | 孙权 | 140 | 73 | 78 || 7 | 宋公明 | 150 | 95 | 30 |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
语法:
DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE …] [ORDER BY …] [LIMIT …]
案例:
- 删除孙悟空同学的考试成绩
-- 查看原数据mysql> select * from exam_result where name = '孙悟空';+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| id | name | chinese | math | english |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+| 2 | 孙悟空 | 174 | 80 | 77 |+----+-----------+---------+------+---------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- 删除数据mysql> delete from exam_result where name = '孙悟空';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)-- 查看删除结果mysql> select * from exam_result where name = '孙悟空';Empty set (0.00 sec)
- 删除整张表数据
注意:删除整表操作要慎用!
-- 准备测试表CREATE TABLE for_delete (id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,name VARCHAR(20));-- 插入测试数据INSERT INTO for_delete (name) VALUES ('A'), ('B'), ('C');-- 查看测试数据mysql> SELECT * FROM for_delete;+----+------+| id | name |+----+------+| 1 | A || 2 | B || 3 | C |+----+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 删除整表数据mysql> DELETE FROM for_delete;Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)-- 查看删除结果mysql> SELECT * FROM for_delete;Empty set (0.00 sec)-- 再插入一条数据,自增 id 在原值上增长mysql> INSERT INTO for_delete (name) VALUES ('D');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> SELECT * FROM for_delete;+----+------+| id | name |+----+------+| 4 | D |+----+------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- 查看表结构,会有 AUTO_INCREMENT=n 项mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE for_delete\G*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: for_deleteCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `for_delete` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec)
语法:
TRUNCATE [TABLE] table_name
注意:这个操作慎用
案例:
-- 准备测试表CREATE TABLE for_truncate (id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,name VARCHAR(20));-- 插入测试数据INSERT INTO for_truncate (name) VALUES ('A'), ('B'), ('C');-- 查看测试数据SELECT * FROM for_truncate;+----+------+| id | name |+----+------+| 1 | A || 2 | B || 3 | C |+----+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 截断整表数据,注意影响行数是 0,所以实际上没有对数据真正操作TRUNCATE for_truncate;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)-- 查看删除结果SELECT * FROM for_truncate;Empty set (0.00 sec)-- 再插入一条数据,自增 id 在重新增长INSERT INTO for_truncate (name) VALUES ('D');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)-- 查看数据SELECT * FROM for_truncate;+----+------+| id | name |+----+------+| 1 | D |+----+------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- 查看表结构,会有 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 项SHOW CREATE TABLE for_truncate\G*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: for_truncateCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `for_truncate` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec)
语法:
INSERT INTO table_name [(column [, column …])] SELECT …
案例:删除表中的的重复复记录,重复的数据只能有一份
-- 创建原数据表mysql> CREATE TABLE duplicate_table (id int, name varchar(20));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- 插入测试数据mysql> INSERT INTO duplicate_table VALUES -> (100, 'aaa'), -> (100, 'aaa'), -> (200, 'bbb'), -> (200, 'bbb'), -> (200, 'bbb'), -> (300, 'ccc');Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec)Records: 6 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
-- 创建一张空表 no_duplicate_table,结构和 duplicate_table 一样mysql> CREATE TABLE no_duplicate_table LIKE duplicate_table;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- 将 duplicate_table 的去重数据插入到 no_duplicate_tablemysql> INSERT INTO no_duplicate_table SELECT DISTINCT * FROM duplicate_table;Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0-- 通过重命名表,实现原子的去重操作mysql> RENAME TABLE duplicate_table TO old_duplicate_table, no_duplicate_table TO duplicate_table;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- 查看最终结果mysql> SELECT * FROM duplicate_table;+------+------+| id | name |+------+------+| 100 | aaa || 200 | bbb || 300 | ccc |+------+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
函数 | 说明 |
---|---|
COUNT([DISTINCT] expr) | 返回查询到的数据的数量 |
SUM([DISTINCT] expr) | 返回查询到的数据的总和,不是数字没有意义 |
AVG([DISTINCT] expr) | 返回查询到的数据的平均值,不是数字没有意义 |
MAX([DISTINCT] expr) | 返回查询到的数据的最大值,不是数字没有意义 |
MIN([DISTINCT] expr) | 返回查询到的数据的最小值,不是数字没有意义 |
- 统计班级共有多少同学
-- 使用 * 做统计,不受 NULL 影响mysql> select count(*) from students;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 4 |+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- 使用表达式做统计mysql> select count(1) from students;+----------+| count(1) |+----------+| 4 |+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 统计班级收集的 qq 号有多少
-- NULL 不会计入结果mysql> select count(qq) from students;+-----------+| count(qq) |+-----------+| 1 |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 统计本次考试的数学成绩分数个数
-- COUNT(math) 统计的是全部成绩mysql> select count(math) from exam_result;+-------------+| count(math) |+-------------+| 6 |+-------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- COUNT(DISTINCT math) 统计的是去重成绩数量mysql> select count(distinct math) from exam_result;+----------------------+| count(distinct math) |+----------------------+| 5 |+----------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 统计数学成绩总分
mysql> select sum(math) from exam_result;+-----------+| sum(math) |+-----------+| 569 |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- 不及格 < 60 的总分,没有结果,返回 NULLmysql> select sum(math) from exam_result where math < 60;+-----------+| sum(math) |+-----------+| NULL |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 统计平均总分
mysql> select avg(chinese + math + english) 平均总分 from exam_result;+--------------+| 平均总分 |+--------------+| 297.5 |+--------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 返回英语最高分
mysql> select max(english) from exam_result;+--------------+| max(english) |+--------------+| 90 |+--------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 返回 > 70 分以上的数学最低分
mysql> select min(math) from exam_result where math > 70;+-----------+| min(math) |+-----------+| 73 |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在select中使用group by 子句可以对指定列进行分组查询。
语法:
select column1, column2, … from table group by column;
案例:
- EMP员工表
- DEPT部门表
- SALGRADE工资等级表
DROP database IF EXISTS `scott`;CREATE database IF NOT EXISTS `scott` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;USE `scott`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dept`;CREATE TABLE `dept` ( `deptno` int(2) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL COMMENT '部门编号', `dname` varchar(14) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '部门名称', `loc` varchar(13) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '部门所在地点');DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `emp`;CREATE TABLE `emp` ( `empno` int(6) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL COMMENT '雇员编号', `ename` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '雇员姓名', `job` varchar(9) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '雇员职位', `mgr` int(4) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '雇员领导编号', `hiredate` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '雇佣时间', `sal` decimal(7,2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '工资月薪', `comm` decimal(7,2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '奖金', `deptno` int(2) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '部门编号');DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salgrade`;CREATE TABLE `salgrade` ( `grade` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '等级', `losal` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '此等级最低工资', `hisal` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '此等级最高工资');
select deptno,avg(sal),max(sal) from EMP group by deptno;
select avg(sal),min(sal),job, deptno from EMP group by deptno, job;
- 统计各个部门的平均工资
select avg(sal) from EMP group by deptno;
- having和group by配合使用,对group by结果进行过滤
select avg(sal) as myavg from EMP group by deptno having myavg<2000;--having经常和group by搭配使用,作用是对分组进行筛选,作用有些像where。
来源地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_61635026/article/details/130467524
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本文标题: 【MySQL学习】MySQL表的增删改查操作
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