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在自然语言生成任务中,生成高质量的文本是非常困难的,尤其是当需要针对不同的主题、情境、问题或任务进行文本生成时,需要花费大量的时间和精力去设计、调试和优化模型,而这种方式并不是高效的解决方案。因此,Prompt Templates技术应运而生,可以大大降低模型设计、调试和优化的成本。
Prompt Templates是一种可复制的生成Prompt的方式,它包含一个文本字符串,可以接受来自终端用户的一组参数并生成Prompt。Prompt Templates可以包含指令、少量示例和一个向语言模型提出的问题。我们可以使用Prompt Templates技术来指导语言模型生成更高质量的文本,从而更好地完成我们的任务。
在这篇博客中,我们将学习:
什么是Prompt Templates以及为什么需要它
如何创建Prompt Templates
如何传递few-shot examples给Prompt Templates
如何为Prompt Templates选择examples
Prompt Templates是一种可复制的生成Prompt的方式,它包含一个文本字符串,可以接受来自终端用户的一组参数并生成Prompt。Prompt Templates可以包含指令、少量示例和一个向语言模型提出的问题。Prompt Templates可以帮助我们指导语言模型生成更高质量的文本,从而更好地完成我们的任务。
Prompt Templates可以包含以下内容:
Prompt Templates可能包含:
下面的代码段包含Prompt Template的一个示例:
from langchain import PromptTemplatefrom langchain import PromptTemplatetemplate = """I want you to act as a naming consultant for new companies.Here are some examples of Good company names:- search engine, Google- social media, Facebook- video sharing, YouTubeThe name should be short, catchy and easy to remember.What is a good name for a company that makes {product}?"""prompt = PromptTemplate( input_variables=["product"], template=template,)
你可以使用PromptTemplate类创建简单的硬编码提示。Prompt Templates可以采用任何数量的输入变量,并且可以进行格式化以生成提示。
from langchain import PromptTemplate# 没有输入变量的示例promptno_input_prompt = PromptTemplate(input_variables=[], template="给我讲个笑话。")no_input_prompt.fORMat()# -> "给我讲个笑话。"# 一个有一个输入变量的示例promptone_input_prompt = PromptTemplate(input_variables=["adjective"], template="告诉我一个{adjective}笑话。")one_input_prompt.format(adjective="好笑的")# -> "告诉我一个好笑的笑话。"# 一个有多个输入变量的示例promptmultiple_input_prompt = PromptTemplate( input_variables=["adjective", "content"], template="告诉我一个{adjective}关于{content}的笑话。")multiple_input_prompt.format(adjective="好笑的", content="小鸡")# -> "告诉我一个好笑的关于小鸡的笑话。"
LangChainHub包含了许多可以通过LangChain直接加载的Prompt Templates。
from langchain.prompts import load_promptprompt = load_prompt("lc://prompts/conversation/prompt.JSON")prompt.format(history="", input="What is 1 + 1?")
Few-shot examples是一组可用于帮助语言模型生成更好响应的示例。
要生成具有few-shot examples的prompt,可以使用FewShotPromptTemplate。该类接受一个PromptTemplate和一组few-shot examples。然后,它使用这些few-shot examples格式化prompt模板。
在这个示例中,我们将创建一个用于生成单词反义词的提示。
from langchain import PromptTemplate, FewShotPromptTemplate# First, create the list of few shot examples.examples = [ {"Word": "happy", "antonym": "sad"}, {"word": "tall", "antonym": "short"},]# Next, we specify the template to format the examples we have provided.# We use the `PromptTemplate` class for this.example_formatter_template = """Word: {word}Antonym: {antonym}\n"""example_prompt = PromptTemplate( input_variables=["word", "antonym"], template=example_formatter_template,)# Finally, we create the `FewShotPromptTemplate` object.few_shot_prompt = FewShotPromptTemplate( # These are the examples we want to insert into the prompt. examples=examples, # This is how we want to format the examples when we insert them into the prompt. example_prompt=example_prompt, # The prefix is some text that goes before the examples in the prompt. # Usually, this consists of intructions. prefix="Give the antonym of every input", # The suffix is some text that goes after the examples in the prompt. # Usually, this is where the user input will go suffix="Word: {input}\nAntonym:", # The input variables are the variables that the overall prompt expects. input_variables=["input"], # The example_separator is the string we will use to join the prefix, examples, and suffix together with. example_separator="\n\n",)# We can now generate a prompt using the `format` method.print(few_shot_prompt.format(input="big"))# -> Give the antonym of every input# -> # -> Word: happy# -> Antonym: sad# -># -> Word: tall# -> Antonym: short# -># -> Word: big# -> Antonym:
如果你有大量的示例,则可以使用ExampleSelector来选择最有信息量的一些示例,以帮助你生成更可能产生良好响应的提示。
接下来,我们将使用LengtHBasedExampleSelector,根据输入的长度选择示例。当你担心构造的提示将超过上下文窗口的长度时,此方法非常有用。对于较长的输入,它会选择包含较少示例的提示,而对于较短的输入,它会选择包含更多示例。
from langchain.prompts.example_selector import LengthBasedExampleSelector# These are a lot of examples of a pretend task of creating antonyms.examples = [ {"word": "happy", "antonym": "sad"}, {"word": "tall", "antonym": "short"}, {"word": "energetic", "antonym": "lethargic"}, {"word": "sunny", "antonym": "gloomy"}, {"word": "windy", "antonym": "calm"},]# We'll use the `LengthBasedExampleSelector` to select the examples.example_selector = LengthBasedExampleSelector( # These are the examples is has available to choose from. examples=examples, # This is the PromptTemplate being used to format the examples. example_prompt=example_prompt, # This is the maximum length that the formatted examples should be. # Length is measured by the get_text_length function below. max_length=25,)# We can now use the `example_selector` to create a `FewShotPromptTemplate`.dynamic_prompt = FewShotPromptTemplate( # We provide an ExampleSelector instead of examples. example_selector=example_selector, example_prompt=example_prompt, prefix="Give the antonym of every input", suffix="Word: {input}\nAntonym:", input_variables=["input"], example_separator="\n\n",)# We can now generate a prompt using the `format` method.print(dynamic_prompt.format(input="big"))# -> Give the antonym of every input# -># -> Word: happy# -> Antonym: sad# -># -> Word: tall# -> Antonym: short# -># -> Word: energetic# -> Antonym: lethargic# -># -> Word: sunny# -> Antonym: gloomy# -># -> Word: windy# -> Antonym: calm# -># -> Word: big# -> Antonym:
相比之下,如果我们提供了一个非常长的输入,则LengthBasedExampleSelector将选择较少的示例包含在提示中。
long_string = "big and huge and massive and large and gigantic and tall and much much much much much bigger than everything else"print(dynamic_prompt.format(input=long_string))# -> Give the antonym of every input# -> Word: happy# -> Antonym: sad# -># -> Word: big and huge and massive and large and gigantic and tall and much much much much much bigger than everything else# -> Antonym:
来源地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41667743/article/details/129678577
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本文标题: LangChain:Prompt Templates介绍及应用
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