官方文档
https://dev.Mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/load-data.html

样例

LOAD DATA[LOW_PRioRITY | CONCURRENT] [LOCAL]INFILE 'file_name'[REPLACE | IGNORE]INTO TABLE tbl_name[PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)][CHARACTER SET charset_name][{FIELDS | COLUMNS}[TERMINATED BY 'string'][[OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY 'char'][ESCAPED BY 'char']][LINES[STARTING BY 'string'][TERMINATED BY 'string']][IGNORE number {LINES | ROWS}][(col_name_or_user_var[, col_name_or_user_var] ...)][SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT}[, col_name={expr | DEFAULT}] ...]

LOCAL:是否导入本地电脑文本文件，

导入本地电脑文件：一定要启用 local_infile 参数，否则会报错。
导入非本地电脑文件：用户一定要 FILE 权限，secure_file_priv参数值如果不为空，则文件一定要在这个目录中，如果为空，则该文件只需服务器可读。

我本地使用mysql8.0。23客户端，在一切条件符合的情况下，LOAD DATA数据报错.mysql> load data local infile '/Users/1.csv' into table ceshi.t1 ;ERROR 2068 (HY000): LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE file request rejected due to restrictions on access.

排错一圈，才发现踩了mysql8的一个bug，
Https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.PHP?id=91872

• 解决方法：
  在client端配置文件中加入

[client]loose-local-infile = 1[mysqld]local_infile=1

然后再在使用mysql命令行时，指定 loose-local-infile = 1 连接数据库

mysql --local-infile=1 -uroot -p123456 -P3306 -h1.1.1.1

[REPLACE | IGNORE]：如遇到唯一冲突重复处理机制

REPLACE：覆盖写。
IGNORE：忽略。
如果没有指定REPLACE， IGNORE或者LOCAL，当发生错误时，会报错，并且文本余下部分不会被执行。

示例：

mysql> load data infile '/root/1.csv' into table ceshi.t1 ;ERROR 1265 (01000): Data truncated for column 'id' at row 2

提示：如果要在加载数据中忽略外键约束，需要在Load data 数据之前执行SET foreign_key_checks = 0

如果没有指定 FIELDS 或 LINES 子句，则默认值如下
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\t’ ENCLOSED BY ‘’ ESCAPED BY ‘\’
LINES TERMINATED BY ‘\n’ STARTING BY ‘’
提示：在 windows 系统中，想要正确的读文件需要配置 LINES TERMINATED BY ‘\r\n’，因为WINDOWS系统通常使用两个字符做为终止符。

CHARACTER SET charset_name

设置导入内容的字符集,默认采用character_set_database系统变量值字符集导入内容。
提示：
这里我踩了一个坑，我本地使用CRT连接数据库，不知为何客户端字符集是latain1了，文本中包含中文，如果以默认方式导入会出现乱码。一般情况下，不需要指定CHARACTER SET

示例：

root# cat 1.csv1,chai2,测试

mysql> show variables like '%character%'-> ;+--------------------------+------------------------------------+| Variable_name | Value |+--------------------------+------------------------------------+| character_set_client | latin1 || character_set_connection | latin1 || character_set_database | utf8 || character_set_filesystem | binary || character_set_results | latin1 || character_set_server | utf8 || character_set_system | utf8 || character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql57/share/charsets/ |+--------------------------+------------------------------------+8 rows in set (0.07 sec)

mysql> load data local infile '/Users/1.csv' into table ceshi.t1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ENCLOSED BY '' ESCAPED BY '\\';Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.15 sec)Records: 2 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;+----+------+| id | name |+----+------+| 1 | chai || 2 | ?? |+----+------+2 rows in set (0.06 sec)

set names utf8;再查询就正常了mysql> select * from t1;+----+----------------+| id | name |+----+----------------+| 1 | chai || 2 | 测试 |

FIELDS TERMINATED BY：指定两列之间分隔符，

默认是\t ，也就是跳格，但大多时候生成的文本文件都是’,'逗号，所以在导入数据时，需要显式指定。

示例：

root# cat 1.csv1,chai2,测试

mysql> load data local infile '/Users/1.csv' into table ceshi.t1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',';Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.20 sec)Records: 2 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;+----+--------+| id | name |+----+--------+| 1 | chai || 2 | 测试 |+----+--------+2 rows in set (0.09 sec)

ENCLOSED BY：去掉字符串中包裹的符号

示例：

root #cat 1.csv1,chai2,测试3,""chayicha"4,"chayige"

如果以之前的参数导入，则结果如下,里边的引号也会写入进去。

mysql> load data local infile '/Users/1.csv' into table ceshi.t1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',';Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.16 sec)Records: 4 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;+----+-------------+| id | name |+----+-------------+| 1 | chai || 2 | 测试 || 3 | ""chayicha" || 4 | "chayige" |+----+-------------+4 rows in set (0.05 sec)

##加入 ENCLOSED BY ‘"’ 参数后，在导入时字符左右两则的双引号被删掉了。

mysql> load data local infile '/Users/1.csv' into table ceshi.t1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ENCLOSED BY '"';Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.13 sec)Records: 4 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;+----+-----------+| id | name |+----+-----------+| 1 | chai || 2 | 测试 || 3 | "chayicha || 4 | chayige |+----+-----------+

ESCAPED BY:设置转义字符，默认为\ 。

示例：

root#cat 1.csv1,chai2,测试3,"\tchayicha"4,wo\\a\\b\\c\tchayige

mysql> load data local infile '/Users/1.csv' into table ceshi.t1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ENCLOSED BY '"' ESCAPED BY '\\';Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.13 sec)Records: 4 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;+----+------------------+| id | name |+----+------------------+| 1 | chai || 2 | 测试 || 3 | chayicha || 4 | wo\a\b\c chayige |+----+------------------+

LINES STARTING BY：忽略一个公共前缀,

如示例，只有以 cha 开头的记录正确写入到了数据库，这个参数应该不常用

示例：

root#cat 1.csvcha1,chai2,测试cha3,"yicha"4,chayige

mysql> load data local infile '/Users/1.csv' into table ceshi.t1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ENCLOSED BY '"' ESCAPED BY '\\' LINES STARTING BY 'cha';Query OK, 3 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.14 sec)Records: 3 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 2

mysql> select * from t1;+----+-------+| id | name |+----+-------+| 1 | chai || 3 | yicha || 0 | NULL |+----+-------+

LINES TERMINATED BY ‘string’：分行符，

一般情况下遇到回行即分行 (\r\n)

示例：

演示一次遇到句号(。)即换行符root#cat 2.csva,chai。2,测试。3,chayicha。

mysql> load data local infile '/Users/2.csv' into table ceshi.t1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ENCLOSED BY '"' ESCAPED BY '\\' LINES TERMINATED BY '。';Query OK, 4 rows affected, 4 warnings (0.15 sec)Records: 4 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 4

mysql> select * from t1;+----+----------+| id | name |+----+----------+| 0 | chai || 2 | 测试 || 3 | chayicha || 0 | NULL |+----+----------+4 rows in set (0.07 sec)

IGNORE number {LINES | ROWS}:跳过开始的多少行才进行导入，

如果文本中有字段名，可以跳过第一行.

示例：

root# cat 1.csv1,chai2,测试3,"yicha"4,chayige

mysql> load data local infile '/Users/1.csv' into table ceshi.t1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ENCLOSED BY '"' ESCAPED BY '\\' IGNORE1 LINES;Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.13 sec)Records: 3 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;+----+---------+| id | name |+----+---------+| 2 | 测试 || 3 | yicha || 4 | chayige |+----+---------+

[(col_name_or_user_var [, col_name_or_user_var] …)]:手动指定要插入的列

示例：

root# cat 1.csv1,chai2,测试3,"yicha"4,chayige

mysql> load data local infile '/Users/1.csv' into table ceshi.t1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ENCLOSED BY '"' ESCAPED BY '\\' IGNORE1 LINES(id,name);Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.16 sec)Records: 3 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;+----+---------+------+| id | name | age |+----+---------+------+| 2 | 测试 | NULL || 3 | yicha | NULL || 4 | chayige | NULL |+----+---------+------+3 rows in set (0.09 sec)

[SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT} [, col_name={expr | DEFAULT}] …]:在加载数据时做一些计算或更新一些其它字段值。

示例：

root# cat 1.csv1,chai2,测试3,"yicha"4,chayige

#在写入数据时，更新age字段列

mysql> load data local infile '/Users/1.csv' into table ceshi.t1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ENCLOSED BY '"' ESCAPED BY '\\' IGNORE-> 1 LINES(id,name) set age=10;Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.13 sec)Records: 3 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;+----+---------+------+| id | name | age |+----+---------+------+| 2 | 测试 | 10 || 3 | yicha | 10 || 4 | chayige | 10 |+----+---------+------+3 rows in set (0.07 sec)

#在写入数据时对数据做二次逻辑处理

mysql> load data local infile '/Users/1.csv' into table ceshi.t1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' ENCLOSED BY '"' ESCAPED BY '\\' IGNORE-> 1 LINES(id,@name) set name=concat(@name,1);Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.14 sec)Records: 3 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;+----+----------+------+| id | name | age |+----+----------+------+| 2 | 测试1 | NULL || 3 | yicha1 | NULL || 4 | chayige1 | NULL |+----+----------+------+3 rows in set (0.07 sec)

最后贴一个成功案例

load data local infile 'D:\\34178517.csv' into table `finance_new`            fields terminated by ','   enclosed by '"'        lines terminated by '\n'ignore 1 lines(@id,`uuid`, `buyer_type`, `buyer_account`, `vendor_code`, `vendor_name`, `vendor_short_name`, `policy_no`, `order_id`, `biz_id`, `parent_biz_id`, `biz_line`, `biz_type`);# 忽略第一行和id字段不赋值，因为表头已建好

来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/u011783999/article/details/130140884