Oracle 12c CDB&PDB 基本维护

1.查看数据库是否为多租户数据库（CDB）
sql> SELECT CDB FROM V$DATABASE;

CDB

YES
2.查看当前容器名字
以下命令只能在12c客户端输入
SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED

     2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
     3 ORCLPDB                        READ WRITE NO

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME

CDB$ROOT
或
select sys_context('userenv', 'con_name') "Container DB" from dual;

3.pdb管理
3.1直接创建pdb数据库
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE testdb
2 ADMIN USER testdbdb IDENTIFIED BY testdb
3 STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G MAX_SHARED_TEMP_SIZE 100M)
4 DEFAULT TABLESPACE testdbdb DATAFILE 'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\testdbdb_001.dbf' SIZE 25M AUTOEXTEND ON;
DEFAULT TABLESPACE testdbdb DATAFILE 'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\testdbdb_001.dbf' SIZE 25M AUTOEXTEND ON
*
第 4 行出现错误:
ORA-65016: 必须指定 FILE_NAME_CONVERT
SQL> set line 1000
SQL> show parameter db_create_file_dest

NAME TYPE VALUE

db_create_file_dest string
SQL> alter system set db_create_file_dest='C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata';

系统已更改。

SQL> show parameter db_create_file_dest

NAME TYPE VALUE

db_create_file_dest string C:\app\Administrator\virtual\o
radata
切换到root容器创建

SQL> alter session set container=cdb$root;

会话已更改。

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------ CDB$ROOT
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 ADMIN USER pdb2 IDENTIFIED BY pdb2
2 STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G MAX_SHARED_TEMP_SIZE 100M)
3 DEFAULT TABLESPACE pdb2
4 DATAFILE 'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2\pdb201.dbf' SIZE 250M
5 AUTOEXTEND ON 6 PATH_PREFIX = 'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2'
7 FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\DATAFILE\O1_MF_S
8 YSTEMB9GXSYNO.DBF', 'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2\system01.dbf'
9 ,'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\DATAFILE\O1_MF_SYSAUXB9GXSYLX.DBF'
10 ,'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2\sysaux01.dbf'
11 ,'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\DATAFILE\PDBSEED_TEMP012017-12-13_15
12 -02-15-PM.dbf','C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2\temp01.dbf');
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 ADMIN USER pdb2 IDENTIFIED BY pdb2
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-65005: 文件缺少文件名模式或其文件名模式无效 - C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\PDBSEED\SYSTEM01.DBF
SQL> set line 200
SQL> col file_name for a80
SQL> select con_id,file_name from cdb_data_files order by 1;

CON_ID FILE_NAME

     1 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
     1 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF
     1 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
     1 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
     3 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\ORCLPDB\UNDOTBS01.DBF
     3 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\ORCLPDB\USERS01.DBF
     3 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\ORCLPDB\SYSTEM01.DBF
     3 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\ORCLPDB\SYSAUX01.DBF                                               

已选择 8 行。
SQL>create pluggable database pdb2 admin user pdb2 identified by oracle file_name_convert=('C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdbseed','C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2');
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb2 open read write;
SQL> create TABLESPACE pdb2
2 DATAFILE 'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2\pdb201.dbf' SIZE 250M
3 AUTOEXTEND ON
4 ;

表空间已创建。

SQL> alter user pdb2 DEFAULT TABLESPACE pdb2;

用户已更改。

SQL> select con_id,file_name from cdb_data_files order by 1;

CON_ID FILE_NAME

     4 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\PDB2\SYSTEM01.DBF
     4 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\PDB2\SYSAUX01.DBF
     4 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\PDB2\UNDOTBS01.DBF
     4 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\PDB2\PDB201.DBF
             SQL> DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 INCLUDING DATAFILES;

DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 INCLUDING DATAFILES *
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-65025: 未在所有实例上关闭可插入数据库 PDB2。

SQL> alter pluggable database pdb2 close 2 ;

插接式数据库已变更。

SQL> DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 INCLUDING DATAFILES;

插接式数据库已删除。
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 ADMIN USER pdb2 IDENTIFIED BY pdb2
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G MAX_SHARED_TEMP_SIZE 100M)
PATH_PREFIX = 'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2'
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdbseed\system01.dbf'
, 'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2\system01.dbf'
,'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdbseed\sysaux01.dbf'
,'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2\sysaux01.dbf'
,'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdbseed\TEMP012017-12-12_14-30-01-009-PM.dbf'
,'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2\temp01.dbf',
'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdbseed\UNDOTBS01.DBF'
,'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2\UNDOTBS01.DBF')；
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb2 open read write;
插接式数据库已变更。

SQL> alter session set container=pdb2;

会话已更改。
SQL> create TABLESPACE pdb2 DATAFILE 'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\orcl\pdb2\pdb201.dbf' SIZE 250M AUTOEXTEND ON;

表空间已创建。

SQL> alter user pdb2 DEFAULT TABLESPACE pdb2;

用户已更改。
SQL> set line 1000
SQL> col file_name fORMat A100
SQL> select con_id,file_name from cdb_data_files order by 1;

CON_ID FILE_NAME

     4 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\PDB2\SYSTEM01.DBF
     4 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\PDB2\SYSAUX01.DBF
     4 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\PDB2\UNDOTBS01.DBF
     4 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\ORCL\PDB2\PDB201.DBF

3.2 unplug
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb2 unplug into 'c:\pdb2.xml'; alter pluggable database pdb2 unplug into 'c:\pdb2.xml'
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-65025: 未在所有实例上关闭可插入数据库 PDB2。

SQL> alter pluggable database pdb2 close;
插接式数据库已变更。
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb2 unplug into 'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\pdb2.xml';

插接式数据库已变更。
unplug后pdb只能mount不能open
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb2 open read only;
alter pluggable database pdb2 open read only
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-65086: 无法打开/关闭可插入数据库
SQL> drop pluggable database pdb2;
插接式数据库已删除。
SQL> create pluggable database pdb2 using 'C:\app\Administrator\virtual\oradata\pdb2.xml' nocopy;
插接式数据库已创建。
静默建pdb和cdb
dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName C:\app\Administrator\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_2\assistants\dbca\templates\General_Purpose.dbc -gdbname newtest -sid newtest -characterSet UTF8 -createAsContainerDatabase true -sysPassWord zncg3008_ZNCG -systemPassword zncg3008ZNCG