C++如何使用链表存储实现通讯录功能管理

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代码详情

头文件

#include <iOStream>#include <string>#include<malloc.h> //system功能调用 #include <windows.h> //使用本地系统api获取插入时间 #include <sstream>

基本存储结构体

typedef struct info{    string number;    string date;    string name;    string adress;    string birthday; }A;typedef struct Lnode{    A data;     struct LNode *next;}LNode,*LinkList;

链表数据初始化
用前插法插入数据

int InitList(LinkList &L){ //初始化链表     L = new LNode;    L->next = NULL;    return OK;}int ListInsert(LinkList &L,string name,string adress,string birthday,string date,string number){ //考虑使用数组来赋值     LinkList p; p= new LNode;    p->data.name = name;    p->data.adress = adress;    p->data.date = date;    p->data.birthday = birthday;    p->data.number = number;    p->next = L->next;    L->next = p;    return OK;}

本地WindowsAPI调用插入时间

SYSTEMTIME sys; GetLocalTime( &sys );string y = doubleToString(sys.wYear);string m = doubleToString(sys.wMonth);string d = doubleToString(sys.wDay);string ymd = y+"-"+m+"-"+d;

因为获取的是一个double值，您得对其时间强制类型转换

string doubleToString(double num){ //强制类型转换 double强制转换为string类型     stringstream ss;    string str;    ss << num;    ss >> str;    return str;}

数据查询功能

LinkList SearchElemChar(LinkList L,int i,string e){ //思路，传递参数1，2，3，4，eg 1代表name，再分不同的方法在链表内循环查找操作  if (i == 1){ //查名字      while(L!= NULL){         if(L->data.name == e){             return L;          }else{         L = L->next;         }         }         if(L = NULL){             cout << "未查到数据！"<<endl;         } }else if(i == 2){//查生日      while(L!= NULL){         if(L->data.birthday == e){             return L;          }else{         L = L->next;         }         }         if(L = NULL){         cout <<"未查到数据！"<<endl;         } } else if(i == 3){//查地址      while(L!= NULL){         if(L->data.adress == e){             return L;          }else{         L = L->next;         }         }         if(L = NULL){         cout <<"未查到数据！"<<endl;         } }else if(i == 4){//查时间      while(L!= NULL){         if(L->data.date == e){             return L;          }else{         L = L->next;         }         }         if(L = NULL){         cout <<"未查到数据！"<<endl;         } } else if(i == 5){//查电话      while(L!= NULL){         if(L->data.number == e){             return L;          }else{         L = L->next;         }         }         if(L = NULL){         cout <<"未查到数据！"<<endl;         } } }

完整案例

//乐公第二周项目 实现基本通讯录存储结构 //基础链表存储数据#include <iostream>#include <string>#include<malloc.h> //system功能调用 #include <windows.h> //使用本地系统API获取插入时间 #include <sstream>#define ERROR 0#define OK 1using namespace std;typedef  int ElemType; //结构体文件typedef struct info{    string number;    string date;    string name;    string adress;    string birthday; }A;typedef struct LNode{    A data;     struct LNode *next;}LNode,*LinkList;int InitList(LinkList &L){ //初始化链表     L = new LNode;    L->next = NULL;    return OK;}int ListInsert(LinkList &L,string name,string adress,string birthday,string date,string number){ //考虑使用数组来赋值     LinkList p; p= new LNode;    p->data.name = name;    p->data.adress = adress;    p->data.date = date;    p->data.birthday = birthday;    p->data.number = number;    p->next = L->next;    L->next = p;    return OK;} //查找元素 (难题需要解决） LinkList SearchElemChar(LinkList L,int i,string e){ //思路，传递参数1，2，3，4，eg 1代表name，再分不同的方法在链表内循环查找操作  if (i == 1){ //查名字      while(L!= NULL){         if(L->data.name == e){             return L;          }else{         L = L->next;         }         }         if(L = NULL){             cout << "未查到数据！"<<endl;         } }else if(i == 2){//查生日      while(L!= NULL){         if(L->data.birthday == e){             return L;          }else{         L = L->next;         }         }         if(L = NULL){         cout <<"未查到数据！"<<endl;         } } else if(i == 3){//查地址      while(L!= NULL){         if(L->data.adress == e){             return L;          }else{         L = L->next;         }         }         if(L = NULL){         cout <<"未查到数据！"<<endl;         } }else if(i == 4){//查时间      while(L!= NULL){         if(L->data.date == e){             return L;          }else{         L = L->next;         }         }         if(L = NULL){         cout <<"未查到数据！"<<endl;         } } else if(i == 5){//查电话      while(L!= NULL){         if(L->data.number == e){             return L;          }else{         L = L->next;         }         }         if(L = NULL){         cout <<"未查到数据！"<<endl;         } } } LinkList SearchElemBefore(LinkList L,string e){ //删除结点必须返回前个结点的地址，这里查找前个结点      LinkList P;      while(L!= NULL){         if(L->data.name == e){             return P;          }else{         P = L;         L = L->next;         }         }         if(L = NULL){             return L;          }} int ShowMenu(){ //主菜单     int a;    cout<<"------欢迎您使用乐公通讯录系统！------"<< endl;    cout <<"-----请根据功能输入对应的序号--------" <<endl;     cout <<"-----------1.新建联系人--------------" <<endl;     cout <<"--------2.查看所有联系人-------------" <<endl;     cout <<"--------3.修改选定联系人-------------" <<endl;    cout <<"--------4.查询选定联系人-------------" <<endl;    cout <<"--------5.删除选定联系人-------------" <<endl;    cout <<"------------6.退出系统---------------" <<endl;     cout << "请您输入序号并按回车进入：" ;     cin >> a;    return a;}string doubleToString(double num){ //强制类型转换 double强制转换为string类型     stringstream ss;    string str;    ss << num;    ss >> str;    return str;}void foreachelem(LinkList L){    if(L->next == NULL){        cout<<"通讯录里还没有联系人，快去新建一下吧~"<<endl;     }else{    while(L->next!=NULL){        L=L->next;        cout<< "联系人姓名:" << L->data.name <<endl;        cout<< "联系人电话:" << L->data.number<<endl;        cout<< "联系人地址:" << L->data.adress <<endl;        cout<< "联系人生日:" << L->data.birthday <<endl;        cout<< "录入时间:" << L->data.date <<endl;    }    cout<< "\n";}//system("pause");}int serachsamename(LinkList L,string name){ //查找是否存在姓名相同的联系人     while(L->next!=NULL){        L=L->next;        if(L->data.name==name)return 0;    }    return 1;} int main(){    int i;    LinkList L;    InitList(L);    while(i!=6){        i = ShowMenu();        if(i ==1){            cout << "您选择了:新建联系人" <<endl;             string number;            string date;            string time;            string name;            string adress;            string birthday;             cout << "请输入联系人姓名:";             cin >> name;             SYSTEMTIME sys;              GetLocalTime( &sys );             string y = doubleToString(sys.wYear);             string m = doubleToString(sys.wMonth);             string d = doubleToString(sys.wDay);             string ymd = y+"-"+m+"-"+d;            int repeat = serachsamename(L,name);             if(repeat == 0){                cout << "联系人姓名重复，请删除旧联系人或更改姓名！" << endl;              }else{                 cout << "请输入联系人电话:";                 cin >> number;            if(number.size()!=11){                cout << "手机号输入有误，请大于11位！" << endl;                }else{                cout << "请输入联系人生日:";             cin >> birthday;            cout << "请输入联系人地址:";             cin >> adress;                cout << "联系人于" << ymd;                int ok;            ok =  ListInsert(L,name,adress,birthday,ymd,number);            if(ok == 1){                cout << "日新建成功！" << endl;             }else{             cout << "新建失败！" << endl;            }             }        }            system("pause");            system("cls");        }else if(i==2){            cout << "您选择了:遍历联系人" <<endl;             foreachelem(L);            system("pause");            system("cls");                    }else if(i==3){            cout << "您选择了:修改选定联系人" <<endl;             cout <<"请输入要修改的联系人姓名:" ;            string name;            cin >> name;            LinkList B;            B = SearchElemChar(L,1,name);             if(B){                 system("cls");                 cout << "联系人查找成功！姓名：" << B->data.name << endl;                  int select;                 cout <<"---------修改姓名请输入1---------" << endl;                cout <<"---------修改电话请输入2---------" << endl;                 cout <<"---------修改生日请输入3---------" << endl;                 cout <<"---------修改地址请输入4---------" << endl;                  cout <<"请根据序号输入对象的选项修改:" ;                 cin >> select;                 switch(select){                     case 1:                      {    string name;                    cout <<"请输入新姓名：";                     cin >> name;                    B->data.name = name;                    cout <<"修改完成！" << endl;                    break;                      }                    case 2: {                    string number;                    cout <<"请输入新电话：";                     cin >> number;                    if(number.size()!=11){                    cout << "手机号输入有误，请大于11位！" << endl;                        }else{                    B->data.number = number;                    cout <<"修改完成！" << endl;                    }                    break;                    }                     case 3:{                         string birthday;                         cout <<"请输入新生日：";                          cin >> birthday;                         B->data.birthday = birthday;                        cout <<"修改完成！" << endl;                        break;                     }                     case 4:{                         string adress;                         cout <<"请输入新地址：";                          cin >> adress;                         B->data.adress = adress;                        cout <<"修改完成！" << endl;                        break;                     }                     default:cout <<"序号输入错误，请重新输入！"<<endl;                  }             }else{                 cout << "未查找到联系人！请重新输入！" << endl;              }                          system("pause");            system("cls");        }else if(i==4){            system("cls");            cout << "您选择了:查询选定联系人" <<endl;                 cout <<"---------根据姓名查询请输入1---------" << endl;                cout <<"---------根据电话查询请输入2---------" << endl;                 cout <<"---------根据生日查询请输入3---------" << endl;                 cout <<"---------根据地址查询请输入4---------" << endl;                int select;                cout <<"请根据序号输入对象的进行查询:" ;                 cin >> select;                 switch(select){                     case 1:{                         cout <<"请输入要查询的联系人姓名:" ;                        string name;                        cin >> name;                        LinkList B;                        B = SearchElemChar(L,1,name);                        if(B){                            cout<<"查询成功！"<< endl;                             cout<<"联系人姓名:"<< B->data.name << endl;                            cout<<"联系人电话:"<< B->data.number << endl;                            cout<<"联系人生日:"<< B->data.birthday << endl;                            cout<<"联系人地址:"<< B->data.adress << endl;                            cout<<"插入日期:"<< B->data.date << endl;                         }else{                             cout<<"查询失败！请重新输入！"<< endl;                          }                        break;                     }                     case 2:                         {                         cout <<"请输入要查询的联系人电话:" ;                        string number;                        cin >> number;                        LinkList B;                        B = SearchElemChar(L,5,number);                        if(B){                            cout<<"查询成功！"<< endl;                             cout<<"联系人姓名:"<< B->data.name << endl;                            cout<<"联系人电话:"<< B->data.number << endl;                            cout<<"联系人生日:"<< B->data.birthday << endl;                            cout<<"联系人地址:"<< B->data.adress << endl;                            cout<<"插入日期:"<< B->data.date << endl;                         }else{                             cout<<"查询失败！请重新输入！"<< endl;                          }                        break;                         }                        case 3:{                            cout <<"请输入要查询的联系人生日:" ;                        string bd;                        cin >> bd;                        LinkList B;                        B = SearchElemChar(L,2,bd);                        if(B){                            cout<<"查询成功！"<< endl;                             cout<<"联系人姓名:"<< B->data.name << endl;                            cout<<"联系人电话:"<< B->data.number << endl;                            cout<<"联系人生日:"<< B->data.birthday << endl;                            cout<<"联系人地址:"<< B->data.adress << endl;                            cout<<"插入日期:"<< B->data.date << endl;                         }else{                             cout<<"查询失败！请重新输入！"<< endl;                          }                        break;                        }                        case 4:{                        cout <<"请输入要查询的联系人地址:" ;                        string ad;                        cin >> ad;                        LinkList B;                        B = SearchElemChar(L,3,ad);                        if(B){                            cout<<"查询成功！"<< endl;                             cout<<"联系人姓名:"<< B->data.name << endl;                            cout<<"联系人电话:"<< B->data.number << endl;                            cout<<"联系人生日:"<< B->data.birthday << endl;                            cout<<"联系人地址:"<< B->data.adress << endl;                            cout<<"插入日期:"<< B->data.date << endl;                         }else{                             cout<<"查询失败！请重新输入！"<< endl;                          }                        break;                            break;                        }                     default:cout <<"序号输入错误，请重新输入！"<<endl;                  }             system("pause");            system("cls");        }else if(i==5){            cout << "您选择了:删除联系人" <<endl;             string name;            cout << "请输入联系人姓名：" <<endl;             cin >> name;            LinkList D,P;            P = SearchElemBefore(L,name);             if(P){                D = P->next;            P->next = D->next;            delete D; //释放结点数据             cout << "删除成功!" <<endl;            }else{                cout<<"查询失败！未找到指定联系人！"<< endl;             }            system("pause");            system("cls");        }else if(i==6){            cout << "系统已退出，欢迎下次使用！" <<endl;        }        else{            cout <<"输入异常，请重新选择输入！" <<endl;            system("pause");            system("cls");        }    }     return 0;}

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