C语言如何实现班级学生管理系统

这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关C语言如何实现班级学生管理系统，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。

下面是根据班级，这个人数较少的单位设计的学籍管理系统，录入时，要求班内序号由1开始  按顺序录入，其中主要用到了 结构体数组，文件处理，循环语句，选择语句等方面的知识
在设计中遇到一个问题就是：不知道怎样修改已经保存在文件中的某一个指定学生的信息，后来在询问学长之后才了解到 ，可以： 先把文件中的数据全部读入结构体数组中，再修改指定序号的数组元素，然后再用“wt”的方式写进原文件，这样就可以删除文件里的原内容，再写进新内容

下面是源代码，在Dev-c++ 条件下进行编译

#include<stdio.h>#include<coNIO.h>#include<string.h>#include<stdlib.h>int count1=0;int count2=0;int count3=0;void class_print();void men1_student();void men2_student(); void men3_student();void men4_student(); void input_student();void input_grade(); void input_reward();void input_finance();void report_finance(); void seek_student();void seek_grade();void seek_reward();void change_student();void change_grade();void change_reward();int now1_student();int now2_student();int now3_student();struct date{ int year; int month; int day;};struct student{ char number[2]; char name[10]; char sex[4]; char tel[15]; char id[20]; char study[10];};struct grade{ char number[2]; char name[10]; char math[4]; char English[4]; char Cprogram[4]; char sumtest[4];};struct reward{ char number[2]; char name[10]; struct date time; char rewarding[80];};struct finance{ char thing[20]; char type[8]; struct date time2; int i;};struct student m_stu[50];struct grade g_stu[50];struct reward r_stu[50];struct finance f_class;struct grade t_change;main(){  int choice=-1;         //一级菜单  while(choice!=0) { printf("\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**");  class_print();  printf("**\n");     printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t****************************\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**  班级学生学籍管理系统  **\n");    printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     1.户籍管理系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     2.成绩管理系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     3.奖惩管理系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     4.财务管理系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     0.退        出     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t请选择"); scanf("%d",&choice); switch(choice) {  case 1:        men1_student();  break; case 2:     men2_student();      break; case 3:      men3_student();     break; case 4:      men4_student();     break;    case 0:     printf("返回上一级");        break;     default :        break; }    }} void men1_student()         //二级菜单（学生户籍管理）{int choice=-1;while(choice!=0)    {    printf("\n");    printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t****************************\n");    printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**");  class_print();  printf("**\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**  班级学生户籍信息管理  **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**  户籍信息已录入人数:");now1_student();printf("  **\n");    printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     1.户籍录入系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     2.户籍修改系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     3.户籍查询系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     0.返        回     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t请选择");  scanf("%d",&choice);      switch(choice)    {         case 1:      input_student();      break;      case 2:      change_student();      break;      case 3:      seek_student();      break;            case 0:            printf("返回上一级");            break;            default :            break; } getch();   }}    void input_student()             // 户籍录入函数  录入信息保存至D盘根目录下infORMation1.txt文件下    {     int j;     printf("学生户籍信息录入");     printf("\n班内序号: ");     scanf("%s",&m_stu[count1].number);     printf("\n姓名: ");     gets(m_stu[count1].name);     gets(m_stu[count1].name);     printf("\n性别: ");     scanf("%s",&m_stu[count1].sex);     printf("\n电话号码: ");     scanf("%s",&m_stu[count1].tel);     printf("\n身份证号: ");     scanf("%s",&m_stu[count1].id);     printf("\n学号: ");     scanf("%s",&m_stu[count1].study);     printf("是否保存该学生信息？1-保存 2-放弃");     scanf("%d",&j);     if(j==1)     {            FILE *info;                                           //保存至本地文件       info=fopen("d:\\information1.txt","at+");      fwrite(&m_stu[count1],sizeof(struct student),1,info);      fclose(info);      printf("信息已保存至D:\\information1.tex 文件下，按任意键继续");      count1++;  }     else printf("放弃保存，按任意键继续");     }void seek_student()        //查询户籍信息函数                    {     FILE *info;                                            info=fopen("d:\\information1.txt","rt");     int i;  printf("请输入该学生班内序号");  scanf("%d",&i);  if(i<1||i>50) printf("抱歉，该学生信息不存在");    else     {     rewind(info);     fseek(info,sizeof(struct student)*(i-1),0);     fread(&m_stu[i-1],sizeof(struct student),1,info);     printf("\n\n序号 姓名    性别 电话号码\t   身份证号\t\t学号\t");     printf("\n\n%d   %s   %s   %s   %s    %s",i,m_stu[i-1].name,m_stu[i-1].sex,m_stu[i-1].tel,m_stu[i-1].id,m_stu[i-1].study);    }  }  void change_student()        //修改户籍信息  {   int i=0,j,k,f;char h[100000];   FILE *info;    info=fopen("d:\\information1.txt","rt"); printf("\n\t请输入要修改户籍信息的学生班内序号");  scanf("%d",&j);  if(j<1||j>50) printf("抱歉，该学生信息不存在");  else   {   rewind(info);   while(fgets(h,sizeof(struct student),info)!=NULL)   {     fseek(info,sizeof(struct student)*i,0);     fread(&m_stu[i],sizeof(struct student),1,info);     i++;     }  }  fclose(info);     printf("\n该学生目前户籍信息为\n：");     printf("\n\n序号 姓名    性别 电话号码\t   身份证号\t\t学号\t");     printf("\n\n%d   %s   %s   %s   %s    %s",j,m_stu[j-1].name,m_stu[j-1].sex,m_stu[j-1].tel,m_stu[j-1].id,m_stu[j-1].study);      printf("确定修改此学生信息？1- 修改 2- 返回");      scanf("%d",&k);     if(k==1)   {     printf("\n姓名: ");     gets(m_stu[j-1].name);     gets(m_stu[j-1].name);     printf("\n性别: ");     scanf("%s",&m_stu[j-1].sex);     printf("\n电话号码: ");     scanf("%s",&m_stu[j-1].tel);     printf("\n身份证号: ");     scanf("%s",&m_stu[j-1].id);     printf("\n学号: ");     scanf("%s",&m_stu[j-1].study);   }    else return;                                           info=fopen("d:\\information1.txt","wt");   for(f=0;f<i;f++)   {        fseek(info,sizeof(struct student)*f,0);      fwrite(&m_stu[f],sizeof(struct student),1,info);   }         fclose(info);         printf("修改成功！");   }      void men2_student()               //二级菜单（学生成绩管理）  {   int choice=-1;    while(choice!=0)   {   printf("\n\t\t\t\t\t\t****************************\n");   printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**");  class_print();  printf("**\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**  班级学生成绩信息管理  **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**  成绩信息已录入人数:");now2_student();printf("  **\n");    printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     1.成绩录入系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     2.成绩修改系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     3.成绩查询系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     4.综测排名系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     0.返        回     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t请选择");  scanf("%d",&choice);  switch(choice)  {  case 1:input_grade();          break;  case 2:change_grade();         break;  case 3:seek_grade();         break;  case 4:printf("功能正在研发中，敬请期待...");          break;  default:         break;  }  getch();    }  }void input_grade()           // 成绩录入函数   ，录入信息保存至 D盘根目录下information2.txt文件下    {     int j;     printf("学生成绩信息录入");     printf("\n班内序号");     scanf("%s",&g_stu[count2].number);     printf("\n姓名: ");     gets(g_stu[count2].name);     gets(g_stu[count2].name);     printf("\n高数: ");     scanf("%s",&g_stu[count2].math);     printf("\n英语:");     scanf("%s",&g_stu[count2].English);     printf("\nC语言:");     scanf("%s",&g_stu[count2].Cprogram);     printf("\n综测:");     scanf("%s",&g_stu[count2].sumtest);     printf("是否保存该学生信息？1-保存 2-放弃");     scanf("%d",&j);     if(j==1)     {            FILE *info2;                                           //保存至本地文件       info2=fopen("d:\\information2.txt","at+");      fwrite(&g_stu[count2],sizeof(struct grade),1,info2);      fclose(info2);      printf("信息已保存至D:\\information.tex2 文件下，按任意键继续");      count2++;  }     else printf("放弃保存，按任意键继续");     }            void seek_grade()           //查询成绩信息函数                    {     FILE *info2;                                            info2=fopen("d:\\information2.txt","rt");     int i;  printf("\n\t请输入该学生班内序号");  scanf("%d",&i);  if(i<1||i>50) printf("\n抱歉，该学生信息不存在");    else     {     rewind(info2);     fseek(info2,sizeof(struct grade)*(i-1),0);     fread(&g_stu[i-1],sizeof(struct grade),1,info2);     printf("\n\n序号 姓名  高数  英语  C语言  综测");     printf("\n\n%d   %s   %s   %s   %s    %s",i,g_stu[i-1].name,g_stu[i-1].math,g_stu[i-1].English,g_stu[i-1].Cprogram,g_stu[i-1].sumtest);    }  }void change_grade()           //修改成绩信息     {   int i=0,j,k,f;char h[100000];   FILE *info;    info=fopen("d:\\information2.txt","rt"); printf("\n\t请输入要修改成绩信息的学生班内序号");  scanf("%d",&j);  if(j<1||j>50) printf("\n抱歉，该学生信息不存在");  else   {   rewind(info);   while(fgets(h,sizeof(struct grade),info)!=NULL)   {     fseek(info,sizeof(struct grade)*i,0);     fread(&g_stu[i],sizeof(struct grade),1,info);     i++;     }  }  fclose(info);     printf("\n该学生目前成绩信息为\n：");     printf("\n\n序号 姓名  高数 英语  C语言  综测");     printf("\n\n%d   %s   %s   %s   %s    %s",j,g_stu[j-1].name,g_stu[j-1].math,g_stu[j-1].English,g_stu[j-1].Cprogram,g_stu[j-1].sumtest);      printf("\n\t确定修改此学生信息？1- 修改 2- 返回");      scanf("%d",&k);     if(k==1)   {     printf("\n姓名: ");     gets(g_stu[j-1].name);     gets(g_stu[j-1].name);     printf("\n高数: ");     scanf("%s",&g_stu[j-1].math);     printf("\n英语: ");     scanf("%s",&g_stu[j-1].English);     printf("\nC语言: ");     scanf("%s",&g_stu[j-1].Cprogram);     printf("\n综测: ");     scanf("%s",&g_stu[j-1].sumtest);   }    else return;                                           info=fopen("d:\\information2.txt","wt");      if(info==NULL)      {       printf("不能打开此文件，按任意键继续");       getch();         }   for(f=0;f<i;f++)   {        fseek(info,sizeof(struct grade)*f,0);      fwrite(&g_stu[f],sizeof(struct grade),1,info);   }         fclose(info);         printf("修改成功！");   }void men3_student()        //二级菜单（学生奖惩管理）{int choice=-1;while(choice!=0)    {    printf("\n");    printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t****************************\n");    printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**");  class_print();  printf("**\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**  班级学生奖惩信息管理  **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**  奖惩信息已录入人数:");now3_student();printf("  **\n");    printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     1.奖惩录入系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     2.奖惩修改系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     3.奖惩查询系统     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     0.返        回     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t请选择");  scanf("%d",&choice);      switch(choice)    {         case 1:      input_reward();      break;      case 2:      change_reward();      break;      case 3:      seek_reward();      break;            case 0:            printf("返回上一级");            break;            default :            break; } getch();   }}void input_reward()            // 奖惩录入函数      录入信息保存至D盘根目录下information3.txt文件下    {     int j;     printf("学生奖惩信息录入");     printf("\n班内序号: ");     scanf("%s",&r_stu[count3].number);     printf("\n姓名: ");     gets(r_stu[count3].name);     gets(r_stu[count3].name);     printf("\n奖惩时间: ");     scanf("%d.%d.%d",&r_stu[count3].time.year,&r_stu[count3].time.month,&r_stu[count3].time.day);     printf("\n具体事件: ");     gets(r_stu[count3].rewarding);     gets(r_stu[count3].rewarding);     printf("\n是否保存该学生信息？1-保存 2-放弃");     scanf("%d",&j);     if(j==1)     {            FILE *info;                                           //保存至本地文件       info=fopen("d:\\information3.txt","at+");      fwrite(&r_stu[count3],sizeof(struct reward),1,info);      fclose(info);      printf("\n信息已保存至D:\\information3.tex 文件下，按任意键继续");      count3++;  }     else printf("放弃保存，按任意键继续");     }void seek_reward()          //查询奖惩信息函数     根据学生班级序号                {     FILE *info;                                            info=fopen("d:\\information3.txt","rt");     int i;  printf("\n\t请输入该学生班内序号");  scanf("%d",&i);  if(i<1||i>50) printf("\n抱歉，该学生信息不存在");    else     {     rewind(info);     fseek(info,sizeof(struct reward)*(i-1),0);     fread(&r_stu[i-1],sizeof(struct reward),1,info);     printf("\n\n序号  姓名    奖惩时间                 具体事件\t\t");     printf("\n\n%d   %s   %d.%d.%d   %s   ",i,r_stu[i-1].name,r_stu[i-1].time.year,                                                            r_stu[i-1].time.month,                  r_stu[i-1].time.day,    r_stu[i-1].rewarding);    }  }void change_reward()      //修改奖惩信息  {   int i=0,j,k,f;char h[100000];   FILE *info;    info=fopen("d:\\information3.txt","rt"); printf("\n\t请输入要修改奖惩信息的学生班内序号");  scanf("%d",&j);  if(j<1||j>50) printf("\n抱歉，该学生信息不存在");  else   {   rewind(info);   while(fgets(h,sizeof(struct reward),info)!=NULL)   {     fseek(info,sizeof(struct reward)*i,0);     fread(&r_stu[i],sizeof(struct reward),1,info);     i++;     }  }  fclose(info);     printf("\n该学生目前奖惩信息为\n：");     printf("\n\n序号 姓名  奖惩时间    具体事件");     printf("\n\n%d   %s   %d.%d.%d   %s   ",j,r_stu[j-1].name,r_stu[j-1].time.year,                                                            r_stu[j-1].time.month,                  r_stu[j-1].time.day  ,r_stu[j-1].rewarding);      printf("\n\t确定修改此学生信息？1- 修改 2- 返回");      scanf("%d",&k);     if(k==1)   {     printf("\n姓名: ");     gets(r_stu[j-1].name);     gets(r_stu[j-1].name);     printf("\n奖惩时间: ");     scanf("%d.%d.%d",&r_stu[j-1].time.year,&r_stu[j-1].time.month,&r_stu[j-1].time.day);     printf("\n具体事件: ");     scanf("%s",&r_stu[j-1].rewarding);   }    else return;                                           info=fopen("d:\\information3.txt","wt");   for(f=0;f<i;f++)   {        fseek(info,sizeof(struct reward)*f,0);      fwrite(&r_stu[f],sizeof(struct reward),1,info);   }         fclose(info);         printf("修改成功！");   }int now1_student()           //录入户籍信息学生数目       在菜单中 显示 已经录入学生人数{ int i=1; char j[100000]; FILE *info; info=fopen("D:\\information1.txt","rt"); rewind(info);     while(fgets(j,sizeof(struct student),info)!=NULL)     {         fseek(info,sizeof(struct student)*i,0);         i++;  }  fclose(info);        printf("%d",i-1);                                           } int now2_student()       //录入成绩信息学生数目     在菜单中 显示 已经录入学生人数{ int i=1; char j[100000]; FILE *info; info=fopen("D:\\information2.txt","rt"); rewind(info);     while(fgets(j,sizeof(struct grade),info)!=NULL)     {         fseek(info,sizeof(struct grade)*i,0);         i++;  }  fclose(info);        printf("%d",i-1);                                           } int now3_student()         //录入奖惩信息学生数目     在菜单中 显示 已经录入学生人数{ int i=1; char j[100000]; FILE *info; info=fopen("D:\\information3.txt","rt"); rewind(info);     while(fgets(j,sizeof(struct reward),info)!=NULL)     {         fseek(info,sizeof(struct reward)*i,0);         i++;  }  fclose(info);        printf("%d",i-1);                                           }void class_print()          // 录入专业班级信息，并保存至D盘根目录下information0.txt文件下{ char major[20],class_number[4]; FILE *info; info=fopen("d:\\information0.txt","rt"); if(info==NULL) {  info=fopen("d:\\information0.txt","wt");  printf("\n请输入专业 :");  scanf("%s",&major);  printf("\n请输入班级 :");  scanf("%s",&class_number);  fwrite(major,sizeof(major),1,info);  fwrite(class_number,sizeof(class_number),1,info);  printf("\n\t已保存专业班级信息！");  fclose(info);  info=fopen("d:\\information0.txt","rt");  fread(&major,sizeof(major),1,info);  fread(&class_number,sizeof(class_number),1,info);  printf("%s",major);printf("%s班",class_number);  } else  {  fread(&major,sizeof(major),1,info);  fread(&class_number,sizeof(class_number),1,info);  printf("%s",major);printf("%s班",class_number);  fclose(info); }}void men4_student()        //二级菜单（班级财务管理）{int choice=-1;while(choice!=0)    {    printf("\n");    printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t****************************\n");    printf("\t\t\t\t\t********财务信息不可修改,请谨慎录入！******\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**  班级学生财务信息管理  **\n");    printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     1.财务录入系统    **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     2.财务报表系统    **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t**     0.返        回     **\n"); printf("\t\t\t\t\t\t请选择");  scanf("%d",&choice);      switch(choice)    {         case 1:      input_finance();      break;      case 2:      report_finance();       break;      case 3:            case 0:            printf("返回上一级");            break;            default :            break; } getch();   }} void input_finance()                                                                        // 财务录入函数 ，录入后信息保存到D盘根目录下 information4.txt文件中    {     int j;     printf("班级财务信息录入");     printf("\n收支时间: ");     scanf("%d.%d.%d",&f_class.time2.year,&f_class.time2.month,&f_class.time2.day );     printf("\n具体事件: ");     gets(f_class.thing);     gets(f_class.thing);     printf("\n财务类型(收入或开支): ");     scanf("%s",&f_class.type);     printf("\n流动金额(收入为正开支为负): ");     scanf("%d",&f_class.i);     printf("\n是否保存该财务信息？1-保存 2-放弃");     scanf("%d",&j);     if(j==1)     {            FILE *info;                                           //保存至本地文件       info=fopen("d:\\information4.txt","at+");      fwrite(&f_class,sizeof(struct finance),1,info);      fclose(info);      printf("\n信息已保存至D:\\information4.txt 文件下，按任意键继续");        }     else printf("放弃保存，按任意键继续");     }void report_finance()     // 财务信息报表{        char h[100000];int sum=0,i=0; printf("\n收支时间   具体事件\t财务类型  流动金额\n"); FILE *info;                                            info=fopen("d:\\information4.txt","rt");     while(fgets(h,sizeof(struct finance),info)!=NULL)   {   fseek(info,sizeof(struct finance)*i,0);     fread(&f_class,sizeof(struct finance),1,info);i++;     printf("\n%d.%d.%d %s          %s           %d\n",f_class.time2.year,                                                f_class.time2.month,               f_class.time2.day,  f_class.thing,f_class.type,f_class.i);               sum=sum+f_class.i ;     }  printf("\n\t\t班费余额：%d元",sum);           }

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