如何自动化安装CentOS

这篇文章主要讲解了“如何自动化安装Centos”，文中的讲解内容简单清晰，易于学习与理解，下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入，一起来研究和学习“如何自动化安装CentOS”吧！

定制自动化安装盘

# 安装所需要的软件包:
 

代码如下:

yum -y install createrepo mkisofs isomd5sum

# 生成精简后的rpm列表
 

代码如下:

awk '/安装/{print $2}' install.log |sed 's/^[0-9]*://g' >/root/packages.list //我的是中文环境具体看log里是什么

＃ 约束目录结构

代码如下:

mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom
mkdir -p /data/OS
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
rsync –a --exclude=Packages /mnt/cdrom/* /data/OS
mkdir /data/OS/Packages

# 将精简后的rpm文件 拷贝到新的系统目录里
 
# 拷贝到新的系统目录方法很多,这里省事儿就用了替换命令 但是结果都一样啊 呵呵

代码如下:

cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/libGCc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/setup-2.8.14-20.el6.noarch
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/filesystem-2.4.30-3.el6.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/xml-common-0.6.3-32.el6.noarch
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/cjkuni-fonts-common-0.2.20080216.1-35.el6.noarch
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/iso-codes-3.16-2.el6.noarch
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/basesystem-10.0-4.el6.noarch
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/dmz-cursor-themes-0.4-4.el6.noarch
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/libX11-common-1.5.0-4.el6.noarch
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ca-certificates-2010.63-3.el6_1.5.noarch
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ncurses-base-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/tzdata-2012j-1.el6.noarch
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/glibc-common-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/nss-softokn-freebl-3.12.9-11.el6.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/glibc-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ncurses-libs-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/bash-4.1.2-14.el6.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/libattr-2.4.44-7.el6.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/libcap-2.16-5.5.el6.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/zlib-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/dbus-libs-1.2.24-7.el6_3.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/info-4.13a-8.el6.x86_64
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/libxml2-2.7.6-8.el6_3.4.x86_64
:%s/^/cp \/mnt\/cdrom\/Packages\//g

cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/cjkuni-uming-fonts-0.2.20080216.1-35.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/cjkuni-ukai-fonts-0.2.20080216.1-35.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/man-pages-3.22-20.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/Words-3.0-17.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/centos-indexhtml-6-1.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ql2400-firmware-5.08.00-1.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/iwl5000-firmware-8.83.5.1_1-1.el6_1.1.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ql2100-firmware-1.19.38-3.1.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ivtv-firmware-20080701-20.2.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/libertas-usb8388-firmware-5.110.22.p23-3.1.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/xorg-x11-drv-ati-firmware-6.99.99-1.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ql2500-firmware-5.08.00-1.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/atmel-firmware-1.3-7.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/zd1211-firmware-1.4-4.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/iwl4965-firmware-228.61.2.24-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/rt61pci-firmware-1.2-7.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/iwl3945-firmware-15.32.2.9-4.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ql2200-firmware-2.02.08-3.1.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/rt73usb-firmware-1.8-7.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ipw2100-firmware-1.3-11.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ql23xx-firmware-3.03.27-3.1.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ipw2200-firmware-3.1-4.el6.noarch.rpm
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/rootfiles-8.1-6.1.el6.noarch.rpm
:%s/$/.rpm/g

cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/cjkuni-uming-fonts-0.2.20080216.1-35.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/cjkuni-ukai-fonts-0.2.20080216.1-35.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/man-pages-3.22-20.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/words-3.0-17.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/centos-indexhtml-6-1.el6.centos.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ql2400-firmware-5.08.00-1.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/iwl5000-firmware-8.83.5.1_1-1.el6_1.1.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ql2100-firmware-1.19.38-3.1.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ivtv-firmware-20080701-20.2.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/libertas-usb8388-firmware-5.110.22.p23-3.1.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/xorg-x11-drv-ati-firmware-6.99.99-1.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ql2500-firmware-5.08.00-1.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/atmel-firmware-1.3-7.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/zd1211-firmware-1.4-4.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/iwl4965-firmware-228.61.2.24-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/rt61pci-firmware-1.2-7.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/iwl3945-firmware-15.32.2.9-4.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ql2200-firmware-2.02.08-3.1.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/rt73usb-firmware-1.8-7.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ipw2100-firmware-1.3-11.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ql23xx-firmware-3.03.27-3.1.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ipw2200-firmware-3.1-4.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
cp /mnt/cdrom/Packages/rootfiles-8.1-6.1.el6.noarch.rpm /data/OS/Packages
:%s/$/ \/data\/OS\/Packages/g

# 创建ks.cfg文件  默认安装完系统就会安装所有的定制软件包了
 
＃ 关键字

代码如下:

%post --nochroot %post
[root@test OS]# pwd
/data/OS
[root@test OS]# cat ks.cfg
firewall --disabled
install
cdrom
rootpw --iscrypted $1$stMs72eG$G3f0zhGBjp6/SioZ28CxQ0
auth --useshadow --passalGo=md5
text
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US.UTF-8
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
logging --level=info
reboot --eject
timezone Asia/Shanghai
network --device em1 --bootproto=static --ip=192.168.7.123 --netmask=255.255.248.0 --gateway=192.1s
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda

# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr yes

# Partition clearing infORMation
clearpart --all --initlabel

# Disk partitioning information
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=10240
part swap --size=4096
part /data --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1

%packages
@base
@core
@server-policy
sgpio
device-mapper-persistent-data
ntp

%post --nochroot
mkdir -p /mnt/sysimage/tmp/custom_data >> /tmp/custom.log 2>&1
cp /mnt/source/Packages/lnmp_pack.tar.gz /mnt/sysimage/tmp/custom_data >> /tmp/custom.log 2>&1
cp /mnt/source/Packages/install_packages.sh /mnt/sysimage/tmp/custom_data >> /tmp/custom.log 2>&1
cp /mnt/source/Packages/ncftp-3.2.5-src.tar.gz /mnt/sysimage/tmp/custom_data >>/tmp/custom.log 2>&1
cp /mnt/source/Packages/rarlinux-3.8.0.tar.gz /mnt/sysimage/tmp/custom_data >>/tmp/custom.log 2>&1
cp /mnt/source/Packages/nmon_linux_14i.tar.gz /mnt/sysimage/tmp/custom_data >>/tmp/custom.log 2>&1

%post
cd /tmp/custom_data >> /tmp/custom.log 2>&1
chmod +x install_packages.sh
sh install_packages.sh

# remove custom_data
rm -rf /tmp/custom_data

#vim syntax on
echo alias vi='vim' >> /etc/bashrc

# disable ipv6
echo "alias net-pf-10 off" >> /etc/modprobe.d/dist.conf
echo -e "options\tipv6\tdisable=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/dist.conf
echo "NETWORKING_IPV6=no" >> /etc/sysconfig/network

#append lib
echo "/usr/local/lib/" >> /etc/ld.so.conf

#modify lang
echo 'export LANG=zh_CN.UTF8' >> /etc/profile

#disable system auto mail
echo "unset MAILCHECK" >> /etc/profile

#modify history
echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "' >> /etc/profile
sed -i "s/HISTSIZE=1000/HISTSIZE=999999999/" /etc/profile

#modifu ssh port on 3389
echo 'Port 3389' >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
echo 'UseDNS no' >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

for i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*`
do
CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c 15-`
chkconfig --level 3 $CURSRV off
done

for i in crond rsyslog iptables network ntpd sshd sysstat;do chkconfig --level 3 $i on;done

sed -i '/HOSTNAME=/d' /etc/sysconfig/network
echo 'HOSTNAME=test' >> /etc/sysconfig/network

# sysctl
echo "net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default = 8388608" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max = 16777216" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.somaxconn = 32768" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default = 8388608" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max = 16777216" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
/sbin/sysctl -p

# modify core ulimt
echo -e "*\tsoft\tnofile\t65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo -e "*\thard\tnofile\t65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo -e "*\tsoft\tnofile\t65535" >> /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf
echo -e "*\thard\tnofile\t65535" >> /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf

# ntpd
cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock < /etc/sysconfig/iptables <<EOF
*filter

#############################################
# disabled (INPUT,FORWARD,OUTPUT)
:INPUT DROP
:FORWARD DROP
:OUTPUT DROP
 
# enabled lo
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -o lo -j ACCEPT
 
# enabled em2
# Be careful of the network adapter name
-A INPUT -i em2 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -o em2 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -o em2 -j ACCEPT
 
# enabled ping
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
 
# enabled ntp
-A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 123 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p udp -m udp --sport 123 -j ACCEPT
 
# dns
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
 
-A INPUT -p udp -m udp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
 
#############################################
 
#############################################
# team ssh
 
# all
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3389 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --sport 3389 -j ACCEPT
 
# suzhouqiao
-A INPUT -s 118.145.x.xx -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3389 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -d 118.145.x.xx -p tcp -m tcp --sport 3389 -j ACCEPT
 
-A INPUT -s 115.182.x.xx -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3389 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -d 115.182.x.xxx -p tcp -m tcp --sport 3389 -j ACCEPT
 
# corporate
-A INPUT -s 119.253.59.x -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3389 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -d 119.253.xx.1x0 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 3389 -j ACCEPT
 
-A INPUT -s 203.187.xx1.x -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3389 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -d 203.x7.x1.x -p tcp -m tcp --sport 3389 -j ACCEPT
 
-A INPUT -s 211.103.xxs.x0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3389 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -d 211.103.xx.xxx -p tcp -m tcp --sport 3389 -j ACCEPT
 
-A INPUT -s 119.253.x9.xx -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3389 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -d 119.253.xx.xx -p tcp -m tcp --sport 3389 -j ACCEPT
 
-A INPUT -s 119.253.xx.xx2 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3389 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -d 119.253.x.xx -p tcp -m tcp --sport 3389 -j ACCEPT
 
-A INPUT -s 203.187.xx.1xx -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3389 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -d 203.187.1xx.xx -p tcp -m tcp --sport 3389 -j ACCEPT
#############################################
 
#############################################
# jiankongbao
-A INPUT -s 60.xx.249.xx -p udp -m udp --dport 161 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -d 60.xx.xx.x3 -p udp -m udp --sport 161 -j ACCEPT
 
-A INPUT -s 60.195.252.xx -p udp -m udp --dport 161 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -d 60.195.xx.107 -p udp -m udp --sport 161 -j ACCEPT
 
-A INPUT -s 60.195.x.xx -p udp -m udp --dport 161 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -d 60.195.x.1xx -p udp -m udp --sport 161 -j ACCEPT
 
-A INPUT -s 125.76.sxx -p udp -m udp --dport 161 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -d 125.76.xx.xx -p udp -m udp --sport 161 -j ACCEPT
#############################################
 
#############################################
# project port
#############################################
COMMIT
EOF
 
%end

# 让系统从kickstart配置启动安装

代码如下:

[root@test isolinux]# pwd
/data/OS/isolinux
[root@test isolinux]# cat isolinux.cfg
default linux ks=cdrom:/ks.cfg
prompt 1
timeout 100                  
display boot.msg
F1 boot.msg
F2 options.msg
F3 general.msg
F4 param.msg
F5 rescue.msg
label linux
 kernel vmlinuz
 append initrd=initrd.img
label text
 kernel vmlinuz
 append initrd=initrd.img text
label ks
 kernel vmlinuz
 append ks initrd=initrd.img
label local
 localboot 1
label memtest86
 kernel memtest
 append -

# 生成rpm包的依赖关系

代码如下:

[root@test ~]# cd /data/OS/
[root@test OS]# createrepo -g repodata/*-comps.xml /data/OS/

# 生成iso镜像

代码如下:

mkisofs -R -J -T -r -l -d -joliet-long -allow-multidot \
-allow-leading-dots -no-bak -o /data/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-mini.iso \
-b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot \
-boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table /data/OS

# 生成MD5校验码 //本人没有执行这条命令原因是如果需要修改iso里的内容会导致光盘无法使用

代码如下:

implantisomd5 /data/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-mini.iso

基于Kisckstart的安装

安装软件包

yum -y install createrepo mkisofs
制作流程
目录结构
拷贝CentOS原始镜像内容，不做任何精简

代码如下:

mkdir /mnt/centos
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/centos
mkdir /tmp/iso
cp -r /mnt/centos/* /tmp/iso

增加Kickstart配置文件
文件路径和安装方式可自由定义

代码如下:

cd /tmp/iso/isolinux
#修改引导，注意ks=部分
vi isolinux.cfg

label linux
 menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
 menu default
 kernel vmlinuz
 append initrd=initrd.img ks=cdrom:/isolinux/ks.cfg

#手动增加Kickstart配置文件
vi ks.cfg
#Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.
#version=DEVEL

#Install OS instead of upgrade
#表示是安装，而不是升级
install

#Use text mode install
#文本方式安装
text

#Use network installation
#使用网络安装
#url --url=ftp://ip/centos
#Local installation Use CDROM installation media
#使用光盘安装
cdrom

#Installation Number configuration
#如果是RedHat的系统，会要求输入key，这里配置为跳过，如果不配置安装时会停在那里要求用户输入key
#key &ndash;skip

#System language
#语言环境
#lang en_US.UTF-8
lang zh_CN.UTF-8

#System keyboard
#键盘类型
keyboard us

#Network information
#网络配置
#network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --onboot yes

#Root password
#root密码
rootpw chinaums

#Firewall configuration
#禁用防火墙
firewall --disabled

#SELinux configuration
#禁用selinux
selinux --disabled

#Run the Setup Agent on first boot
#禁用第一次启动时设置系统的向导
firstboot --disable

#System authorization information
#用户认证配置，useshadow表示使用本地认证，--passalgo表示密码加密算法
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

#System timezone
#设置时区为上海
timezone --isUtc Asia/Shanghai

#System bootloader configuration
#指明bootloader的安装位置，指明驱动器的排序，指明操作系统安装完成之后，向内核传递的参数
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"

#Clear the Master Boot Record
#清除MBR引导记录
zerombr yes

#Partition clearing information
#清除硬盘上的所有数据
clearpart --all --initlabel

#Disk partitioning information
#自定义分区

#创建一个200M大小的分区挂载/boot类型为ext4
part /boot --fstype=ext4  --size=200 --ondisk=sda

#创建一个20000M大小的SWAP分区
part swap --size=20000 --ondisk=sda

#创建/目录
part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=1 --ondisk=sda

#Reboot after installation
#设置完成之后重启
reboot --eject

#This packages is for CentOS 6.4
#为CentOS 6.4定制的软件包
%packages
@base
@core
@chinese-support

#增加安装后运行脚本
%post
#config service
#自定义服务
service NetworkManager stop
chkconfig NetworkManager off

#eject cdrom
#安装完成弹出光碟
#eject

#reboot
#执行完毕后重启
#reboot -f

#结束自动化部署
%end

生成依赖关系和ISO文件
注意路径和命令的准确性

代码如下:

cd /tmp/iso
createrepo -g repodata/*comps.xml .
mkisofs -o /tmp/CentOS-6.4_64_auto.iso -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table  -joliet-long  -R -J -v -T /tmp/iso/

感谢各位的阅读，以上就是“如何自动化安装CentOS”的内容了，经过本文的学习后，相信大家对如何自动化安装CentOS这一问题有了更深刻的体会，具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是编程网，小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章，欢迎关注！