Python最常用的函数、基础语句有哪些？

seasons = ['spring', 'Summer', 'Fall', 'Winter']
list(enumerate(seasons))
[(0, 'Spring'), (1, 'Summer'), (2, 'Fall'), (3, 'Winter')]
list(enumerate(seasons, start=1))
[(1, 'Spring'), (2, 'Summer'), (3, 'Fall'), (4, 'Winter')]

>>> for item in zip([1, 2, 3], ['sugar', 'spice', 'everything nice']):
...     print(item)
...
(1, 'sugar')
(2, 'spice')
(3, 'everything nice')

def is_even(x):
    if x % 2 == 0:
        return True
    else:
        return False

l1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
fl = filter(is_even, l1)
list(fl)

>>>a = 2
>>> isinstance (a,int)
True
>>> isinstance (a,str)
False
>>> isinstance (a,(str,int,list))    # 是元组中的一个返回 True
True

>>>x = 7
>>> eval( '3 * x' )
21
>>> eval('pow(2,2)')
4
>>> eval('2 + 2')
4
>>> n=81
>>> eval("n + 4")
85

# 格式化字符串
print('{} {}'.format('hello','world')) 

# 浮点数
float1 = 563.78453
print("{:5.2f}".format(float1))

string1 = "linux"
string2 = "Hint"
joined_string = string1 + string2
print(joined_string)

# Assign a numeric value
number = 70

# Check the is more than 70 or not
if (number >= 70):
    print("You have passed")
else:
    print("You have not passed")

# Initialize the list
weekdays = ["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday","Wednesday", "Thursday","Friday", "Saturday"]
print("Seven Weekdays are:n")
# Iterate the list using for loop
for day in range(len(weekdays)):
    print(weekdays[day])

# Initialize counter
counter = 1
# Iterate the loop 5 times
while counter < 6:
    # Print the counter value
    print ("The current counter value: %d" % counter)
    # Increment the counter
    counter = counter + 1

# Initialize values
vacation1 = "Summer Vacation"
vacation2 = "Winter Vacation"

# Import another python script
import vacations as v

# Initialize the month list
months = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
          "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]
# Initial flag variable to print summer vacation one time
flag = 0

# Iterate the list using for loop
for month in months:
    if month == "June" or month == "July":
        if flag == 0:
            print("Now",v.vacation1)
            flag = 1
    elif month == "December":
            print("Now",v.vacation2)
    else:
        print("The current month is",month)

# Create a list of characters using list comprehension
char_list = [ char for char in "linuxhint" ]
print(char_list)

# Define a tuple of WEBsites
websites = ("Google.com","yahoo.com", "ask.com", "bing.com")

# Create a list from tuple using list comprehension
site_list = [ site for site in websites ]
print(site_list)

#Assign the filename
filename = "languages.txt"
# Open file for writing
fileHandler = open(filename, "w")

# Add some text
fileHandler.write("Bashn")
fileHandler.write("Pythonn")
fileHandler.write("PHPn")

# Close the file
fileHandler.close()

# Open file for reading
fileHandler = open(filename, "r")

# Read a file line by line
for line in fileHandler:
  print(line)

# Close the file
fileHandler.close()

var1 = 'Hello World!'
var2 = "zhihu"

print ("var1[0]: ", var1[0])
print ("var2[1:5]: ", var2[1:5])

# Define addition function
def addition(number1, number2):
    result = number1 + number2
    print("Addition result:",result)

# Define area function with return statement
def area(radius):
    result = 3.14 * radius * radius
    return result  

# Call addition function
addition(400, 300)
# Call area function
print("Area of the circle is",area(4))

# Define the class
class Employee:
    name = "Mostak Mahmud"
    # Define the method
    def details(self):
        print("Post: Marketing Officer")
        print("Department: Sales")
        print("Salary: $1000")

# Create the employee object    
emp = Employee()
# Print the class variable
print("Name:",emp.name)
# Call the class method
emp.details()

# Try block
try:
    # Take a number
    number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    if number % 2 == 0:
        print("Number is even")
    else:
        print("Number is odd")

# Exception block    
except (ValueError):
  # Print error message
  print("Enter a numeric value")