python3使用cookie免登录爬取

前言

由于一些论坛不登录验证，就不能查看帖子的内容和附件，所以需要登录验证，如果在代码中添加登录验证，那就增加了代码的复杂度，所以可以结合cookie来登录然后爬取需要的资料

cookie的获取

• 使用chrome,登录后在开发工具里查取
  

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
"""
@author:aiker Zhao
@file:jianli.py
@time:下午10:50
"""
import os
import re

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from requests.exceptions import RequestException
from hashlib import md5

headers = {
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWEBKit/537.36 (Khtml, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36',
    'Cookie': 'PHPSESSID=ui7unwxc3yf4glbdaqmat2ee00; __cfduid=de4fa38a23ad640f0bcdb4313560af62e1543723208; ape__Session=ui7uxxxxdfd4glbdaqmat2ee00; _ga=GA1.2.176343230234.1552443854'

}

def get_content():
    url = 'Http://ask.xxxx.com/question/xxxx'   # url
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers).text.replace('<i class="fa fa-paperclip"></i>', '')
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response, 'lxml')
    # div = soup.select('#aw-mod-body ueditor-p-reset')
    pattern = re.compile('<a\shref="(http://ask.apelearn.com/file.*?)".*?>(.*?)</a>', re.S)
    p = soup.find_all('a')
    for item in p:
        # print(str(item))
        result = re.findall(pattern, str(item))
        if result:
            # print(result)
            for i in result:
                url, name = i
                # print(i)
                yield {
                    'url': url,
                    'name': name
                }

def download_doc(url, name):
    print('正在下载', name, url)
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            save_doc(response.content, name)
        return None
    except RequestException:
        print('请求文档出错', url)
        return None

def save_doc(content, name):
    try:
        if name:
            name_1 = re.sub('[:?！!：？【】]', '', name).split('.')[0]  # 替换title中的特殊字符，避免建立文件出错
            name_2 = name.split('.')[-1]
            dir = 'z:\\jianli2\\'
            if os.path.exists(dir):
                pass
            else:
                os.mkdir(dir)
            file_path = '{0}/{1}.{2}'.fORMat(dir, name_1 + md5(content).hexdigest(), name_2)
            # file_path = '{0}/{1}'.format(dir, name)
            if not os.path.exists(file_path):
                with open(file_path, 'wb') as f:
                    f.write(content)
                    f.close()
    except OSError:
        pass

def main():
    # get_content()
    for f in get_content():
        url = f.get('url')
        name = f.get('name')
        download_doc(url, name)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行脚本