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今天学习测试了一下python中的正则表达式的模块用法。初学 Python ,对 Python 的文字处理能力有很深的印象,除了 str 对象自带的一些方法外,就是正则表达式这个强大的模块了。但是对于初学者来说,要用好这个功能还是有点难度,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | . 匹配除换行符以外的任意字符 ^ 匹配字符串的开始 $ 匹配字符串的结束 [] 用来匹配一个指定的字符类别 ? 对于前一个字符字符重复 0 次到 1 次 * 对于前一个字符重复 0 次到无穷次 {} 对于前一个字符重复m次 {m,n} 对前一个字符重复为m到n次 \d 匹配数字,相当于[ 0 - 9 ] \D 匹配任何非数字字符,相当于[^ 0 - 9 ] \s 匹配任意的空白符,相当于[ fv] \S 匹配任何非空白字符,相当于[^ fv] \w 匹配任何字母数字字符,相当于[a - zA - Z0 - 9_ ] \W 匹配任何非字母数字字符,相当于[^a - zA - Z0 - 9_ ] \b 匹配单词的开始或结束 |
1 | >>> import re |
1 2 3 | >>> dir (re) [ 'DEBUG' , 'DOTALL' , 'I' , 'IGNORECASE' , 'L' , 'LOCALE' , 'M' , 'MULTILINE' , 'S' , 'Scanner' , 'T' , 'TEMPLATE' , 'U' , 'UNICODE' , 'VERBOSE' , 'X' , '_MAXCACHE' , '__all__' , '__builtins__' , '__doc__' , '__file__' , '__name__' , '__package__' , '__version__' , '_alphanum' , '_cache' , '_cache_repl' , '_compile' , '_compile_repl' , '_expand' , '_pattern_type' , '_pickle' , '_subx' , 'compile' , 'copy_reg' , 'error' , 'escape' , 'findall' , 'finditer' , 'match' , 'purge' , 'search' , 'split' , 'sre_compile' , 'sre_parse' , 'sub' , 'subn' , 'sys' , 'template' ] >>> |
1 2 | >>> help (re.search) search(pattern, string, flags = 0 ) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | >>> name = "Hello,My name is kuangl,nice to meet you..." >>> k = re.search(r 'k(uan)gl' ,name) >>> if k: ... print k.group( 0 ),k.group( 1 ) ... else : ... print "Sorry,not search!" ... kuangl uan |
1 2 | >>> help (re.match) match(pattern, string, flags = 0 ) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | >>> name = "Hello,My name is kuangl,nice to meet you..." >>> k = re.match(r "(\H....)" ,name) >>> if k: ... print k.group( 0 ), '\n' ,k.group( 1 ) ... else : ... print "Sorry,not match!" ... Hello Hello >>> |
1 2 | >>> help (re.findall) findall(pattern, string, flags = 0 ) |
1 2 3 | >>> re.findall(r '(\w+@m....[a-z]{3})' ,mail) [ 'user01@mail.com' , 'user02@mail.com' , 'user04@mail.com' ] |
1 2 | >>> help (re.sub) sub(pattern, repl, string, count = 0 ) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 | >>> test = "Hi, nice to meet you where are you from?" >>> re.sub(r '\s' , '-' ,test) 'Hi,-nice-to-meet-you-where-are-you-from?' >>> re.sub(r '\s' , '-' ,test, 5 ) #替换至第5个 'Hi,-nice-to-meet-you-where are you from?' >>> |
1 2 | >>> help (re.split) split(pattern, string, maxsplit = 0 ) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 | >>> test = "Hi, nice to meet you where are you from?" >>> re.split(r "\s+" ,test) [ 'Hi,' , 'nice' , 'to' , 'meet' , 'you' , 'where' , 'are' , 'you' , 'from?' ] >>> re.split(r "\s+" ,test, 3 ) #分割前三个 [ 'Hi,' , 'nice' , 'to' , 'meet you where are you from?' ] >>> |
1 2 | >>> help(re.compile) compile(pattern, flags= 0 ) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | >>> test = "Hi, nice to meet you where are you from?" >>> k = re. compile (r '\w*o\w*' ) #匹配带o的字符串 >>> dir (k) [ '__copy__' , '__deepcopy__' , 'findall' , 'finditer' , 'match' , 'scanner' , 'search' , 'split' , 'sub' , 'subn' ] >>> print k.findall(test) #显示所有包涵o的字符串 [ 'to' , 'you' , 'you' , 'from' ] >>> print k.sub( lambda m: '[' + m.group( 0 ) + ']' ,test) # 将字符串中含有o的单词用[]括起来 Hi, nice [to] meet [you] where are [you] [ from ]? >>> |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | #!/usr/bin/env python import urllib2 import re import os read = urllib2.urlopen(URL).read() urls = re.findall(pat,read) for i in urls: url = i.replace( 'src="' ,' ').replace(' "> ',' ') try : iread = urllib2.urlopen(url).read() name = os.path.basename(url) with open (name, 'wb' ) as jsname: jsname.write(iread) except : print url, "url error" |
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本文标题: Python re模块详解
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