简单模块化
- import 最好在最顶端
- sys.path.append("..")表示把当前程序所在位置向上提了一级
- 在python3规范中,__init__.py并不是必须的。
文件结构:
.
├── utils
│ ├── util.py
│ └── class_util.py
├── src
│ └── sub_main.py
└── main.py
# utils/utils.py
def get_sum(a, b):
return a + b
# utils/class_utils.py
class Encoder(object):
def encode(self, s):
return s[::-1]
class Decoder(object):
def decode(self, s):
return ''.join(reverse(list(s)))
# main.py
from utils.utils import get_sum
print(get_sum(1, 2))
########## 输出 ##########
3
# src/sub_main.py
import sys
sys.path.append("..")
from utils.class_utils import *
encoder = Encoder()
decoder = Decoder()
print(encoder.encode('abcde'))
print(encoder.encode('edcba'))
########## 输出 ##########
edcba
abcde
项目模块化
以下python代码用命令行运行main.py会出错,找不到proto.
├── proto
│ ├── mat.py
├── utils
│ └── mat_mul.py
└── src
└── main.py
# proto/mat.py
class Matrix(object):
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
self.n = len(data)
self.m = len(data[0])
# utils/mat_mul.py
from proto.mat import Matrix
def mat_mul(matrix_1: Matrix, matrix_2: Matrix):
assert matrix_1.m == matrix_2.n
n, m, s = matrix_1.n, matrix_1.m, matrix_2.m
result = [[0 for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(s)]
for i in range(n):
for j in range(s):
for k in range(m):
result[i][k] += matrix_1.data[i][j] * matrix_2.data[j][k]
return Matrix(result)
# src/main.py
from proto.mat import Matrix
from utils.mat_mul import mat_mul
a = Matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
b = Matrix([[5, 6], [7, 8]])
print(mat_mul(a, b).data)
########## 输出 ##########
[[19, 22], [43, 50]]
有两个方法解决:
1.在文件中强行修改sys.path[0]:
import sys
sys.path[0] = '/home/ubuntu/workspace/your_projects'
2.在Python的虚拟环境中的activate文件,增加:(windows系统中无效)
export PYTHONPATH="/home/ubuntu/workspace/your_projects"
参考
极客时间《Python核心技术与实战》专栏
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