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目录单参数校验实体类校验分组校验嵌套校验自定义注解参数校验主要使用两个标签@Validated和@Valid; @Valid是Hibernate的注解校验,@Validated是sp
参数校验主要使用两个标签@Validated和@Valid;
@Valid是Hibernate的注解校验,@Validated是spring的,是@Valid的增强;这两个标签也有一些不同之处,@Valid可以标注在成员属性上也可以嵌套校验,而@Validated不行,但是@Validated可以使用分组校验;
Maven导入:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
<version>2.7.5</version>
</dependency>
通常用到的注解基本都在javax.validation.constraints包下,基本都有value(设定值)、message(设置错误消息)、groups(指定分组)属性:
在controller类上添加@Validated标签,在方法的参数前加验证标签,并且同一个参数可以添加多个标签;
启动类:(使用默认配置,端口8080)
package testSpringBoot.test6paramvalidation;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Test6Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Test6Main.class, args);
}
}
controller类:
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import javax.validation.constraints.Max;
import javax.validation.constraints.Min;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.WEB.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test6")
@Validated
public class Test6Controller {
@RequestMapping("/a")
public String a(@NotNull(message = "参数s不能为null") String s, @Min(5) @Max(value = 10) long a) {
System.out.println(s);
System.out.println(a);
return String.fORMat("s:%s a:%d", s, a);
}
}
postman测试:
返回的错误msg也可以使用自定义设定,使用@RestControllerAdvice注释一个类,然后在类里定义各种错误msg,就像这样:
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
@RestControllerAdvice
public class ValidException {
@ExceptionHandler(value = MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
public String handleValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e) {
List<String> msgList = e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors()
.stream()
.map(ObjectError::getDefaultMessage)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
return "MethodArgumentNotValidException: " + msgList.toString();
}
@ExceptionHandler(value = ConstraintViolationException.class)
public String handleConstraintViolationException(ConstraintViolationException e) {
List<String> msgList = e.getConstraintViolations()
.stream()
.map(ConstraintViolation::getMessage)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
return "ConstraintViolationException: " + msgList.toString();//返回错误描述
}
}
再次测试结果:
默认验证所有参数,即使前面验证不通过也会继续验证,可以设置快速失败,使验证失败立即返回不继续验证;
自定义注入Validator类:
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
import javax.validation.Validation;
import javax.validation.Validator;
import javax.validation.ValidatorFactory;
import org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class ValidatConfig {
@Bean
public Validator validator() {
ValidatorFactory vfactory = Validation.byProvider(HibernateValidator.class)
.configure()
.failFast(true)//开启快速失败
.buildValidatorFactory();
return vfactory.getValidator();
}
}
再次测试结果,只显示一个错误msg了:
只需要在controller类的方法实体类参数前加@Validated或者@Valid标签,实体类里的属性前加验证标签,controller类上可以不用@Validated标签也行;
实体类:
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
import javax.validation.constraints.Max;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
public class Bparam {
@NotNull
public String s;
@Max(value = 10, message = "Bparam的x参数不能超过10")
public int x;
public String getS() {
return s;
}
public void setS(String s) {
this.s = s;
}
public int getX() {
return x;
}
public void setX(int x) {
this.x = x;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Bparam [s=" + s + ", x=" + x + "]";
}
}
controller类里的方法:
@RequestMapping("/b")
public String b(@Valid Bparam b) {
return b.toString();
}
测试:
另外错误消息也可以在controller类的方法参数里接收,参数里使用BindingResult就可以处理:
@RequestMapping("/b")
public String b(@Valid Bparam b, BindingResult result) {
if (result.hasErrors()) {
List<String> errors = result.getAllErrors().stream().map(x -> x.getDefaultMessage()).collect(Collectors.toList());
return "BindingResult Errors: " + errors.toString();
}
return b.toString();
}
使用post的消息体接收参数也一样,在参数前多加一个@RequestBody:
@RequestMapping("/b")
public String b(@RequestBody @Validated Bparam b, BindingResult result) {
if (result.hasErrors()) {
List<String> errors = result.getAllErrors().stream().map(x -> x.getDefaultMessage()).collect(Collectors.toList());
return "BindingResult Errors: " + errors.toString();
}
return b.toString();
}
可以为同一属性设置不同情况下应用不同的注解标签,需要在注解标签里使用groups参数,groups是一个class集合,一个标签可以设置多个group,在controller类里方法的参数前的@Validated标签里使用value指定要使用的group验证(可以指定多个group验证),没有设置groups的标签默认属于Default.class的group,设置group的class通常使用interface,可以写在外面或者直接写到实体类内部;
实体类:
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
import javax.validation.constraints.AssertFalse;
import javax.validation.constraints.AssertTrue;
import javax.validation.constraints.Min;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
public class Cparam {
@AssertTrue(message = "b应为true", groups = CparamBTrue.class)
@AssertFalse(message = "b应为false", groups = CparamBFalse.class)
public boolean b;
@NotBlank
@Size(min = 1, max = 5, message = "s的长度1~5")
public String s;
@Min(20)
public int i;
// interface CparamBTrue{}
// interface CparamBFalse{}
}
interface CparamBTrue{}
interface CparamBFalse{}
controller方法:
@RequestMapping("/c1")
public String c1(@RequestBody @Validated(CparamBTrue.class) Cparam c, BindingResult result) {
if (result.hasErrors()) {
List<String> errors = result.getAllErrors().stream().map(x -> x.getDefaultMessage()).collect(Collectors.toList());
return "BindingResult Errors: " + errors.toString();
}
return "OK";
}
@RequestMapping("/c2")
public String c2(@RequestBody @Validated(value = {CparamBFalse.class, Default.class}) Cparam c, BindingResult result) {
if (result.hasErrors()) {
List<String> errors = result.getAllErrors().stream().map(x -> x.getDefaultMessage()).collect(Collectors.toList());
return "BindingResult Errors: " + errors.toString();
}
return "OK";
}
分组测试:
c1只验证了group是CparamBTrue的成员b,c2除了验证了group是CparamBFalse的成员b,也验证了没有设置groups的s和i;
另外也可以设置动态组校验,根据某些条件和情况设置验证的groups,需要在实体类上添加@GroupSequenceProvider标签指定实现了DefaultGroupSequenceProvider接口并实现接口里getValidationGroups方法的class,getValidationGroups方法返回List<Class<?>>,即为当前请求需要使用的groups(返回值相当于controller类方法参数前@Validated标签里的value的作用);
例如根据实体类内boolean值指定int值使用正负数:
实体类:
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
import javax.validation.constraints.Negative;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Positive;
import org.hibernate.validator.group.GroupSequenceProvider;
@GroupSequenceProvider(value = C3paramGroupProvider.class)
public class C3param {
@NotNull(message = "b不能为null")
public boolean b;
@NotNull
@Positive(message = "b为true时i应大于0", groups = BTrue.class)
@Negative(message = "b为false时i应小于0", groups = BFalse.class)
public int i;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "C3param [b=" + b + ", i=" + i + "]";
}
interface BTrue{}
interface BFalse{}
}
GroupProvider:
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.validator.spi.group.DefaultGroupSequenceProvider;
public class C3paramGroupProvider implements DefaultGroupSequenceProvider<C3param> {
@Override
public List<Class<?>> getValidationGroups(C3param object) {
System.out.println("obj:" + object);
List<Class<?>> groupList = new ArrayList<>();
groupList.add(C3param.class);//实体类需要加入
if (object != null) {//该方法会调用多次,object可能为null
//b为true时使用BTrue.class组,b为false时使用BFalse.class组
groupList.add(object.b ? C3param.BTrue.class : C3param.BFalse.class);
}
return groupList;
}
}
controller方法:
@RequestMapping("/c3")
public String c3(@RequestBody @Validated C3param c3, BindingResult result) {
System.out.println("param:" + c3);
if (result.hasErrors()) {
List<String> errors = result.getAllErrors().stream().map(x -> x.getDefaultMessage()).collect(Collectors.toList());
return "BindingResult Errors: " + errors.toString();
}
return "OK";
}
测试:
实体类成员为另一个级联的类时,需要在成员前使用@Valid标签(支持嵌套),并且提供该级联的成员属性的get方法,另外级联类内部也需要提供需要验证的成员属性的get方法(不验证的成员不用get方法)
第一层实体类:
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.AssertTrue;
public class D1param {
@AssertTrue(message = "D1param.b必须为true")
public boolean b;
@Valid
public D2param d2;
public D2param getD2() {//级联对象需要get方法
return d2;
}
}
第二层实体类:
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.Positive;
public class D2param {
@Positive(message = "D2param.i必须为正数")
public int i;
public String s;//不验证,不需get方法
@Valid
public D3param d3;
public int getI() {//成员需要get方法
return i;
}
public D3param getD3() {//级联对象需要get方法
return d3;
}
}
第三层实体类:
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
public class D3param {
@NotNull(message = "D3param.s不能为null")
public String s;
public String getS() {//成员需要get方法
return s;
}
}
controller方法:
@RequestMapping("/d")
public String d(@RequestBody @Validated D1param d1, BindingResult result) {
if (result.hasErrors()) {
List<String> errors = result.getAllErrors().stream().map(x -> x.getDefaultMessage()).collect(Collectors.toList());
return "BindingResult Errors: " + errors.toString();
}
return "OK";
}
测试:
定义一个注解,使用@Retention、@Target、@Constraint标签注释,并携带三个方法message()、groups()、payload(),并在@Constraint标签里使用validatedBy属性指定自定义验证类,自定义验证类实现ConstraintValidator<A extends Annotation, T>接口的boolean isValid(T value, ConstraintValidatorContext context)方法,判断验证是否通过;
自定义注解:(功能:验证是偶数)
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.FIELD;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Target(FIELD)
@Constraint(validatedBy = EValidator.class)
public @interface EAnnotation {
String message() default "应该是偶数";
Class<?>[] groups() default {};
Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}
对应的验证类:
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
public class EValidator implements ConstraintValidator<EAnnotation, Integer> {
@Override
public boolean isValid(Integer value, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
return value % 2 == 0;
}
}
实体类:
package testspringboot.test6paramvalidation;
public class Eparam {
@EAnnotation
public int i;
}
controller方法:
@RequestMapping("/e")
public String e(@RequestBody @Validated Eparam e, BindingResult result) {
if (result.hasErrors()) {
List<String> errors = result.getAllErrors().stream().map(x -> x.getDefaultMessage()).collect(Collectors.toList());
return "BindingResult Errors: " + errors.toString();
}
return "OK";
}
测试:
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