Java中的FileInputStream是否需要close问题

FileInputStream 类简介

FileInputStream 类在 Java 中非常常用，用来读取文件流的。而这种读取方式往往会涉及到流的关闭 close。

如果不关闭 FileInputStream 流会有问题吗？会导致内存泄漏吗？

FileInputStream 的 finalize() 方法

Java 中每个 Object 都有 finalize() 方法，用来在 GC 的时候调用。

而 FileInputStream 类中的 finalize() 方法中有一点特别的，它重写了这个方法，并且在里面进行了 close()。

如下代码：

    
    protected void finalize() throws ioException {
        if ((fd != null) &&  (fd != FileDescriptor.in)) {
            
            close();
        }
    }

可以看到，只要触发了 gc，那么就会调用 finalize() 方法，那么就会自动 close 流。当被 close 之后，也就不会发生内存泄漏了。

那么，不主动关闭，并且不主动触发 System.gc() 的话，它会被 JVM 回收吗？

实际测试

为了更加直观地看到是否调用了 finalize() 方法，这里新建一个 MyFileInputStream 类 extends FileInputStream，为的是重写 FileInputStream 的 finalize() 方法，给里面加入一行打印输出。

代码如下：

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;


public class MyFileInputStream extends FileInputStream {
    public MyFileInputStream(File file) throws FileNotFoundException {
        super(file);
    }

    
    @Override
    protected void finalize() throws IOException {
        if ((this.getFD() != null) && (this.getFD() != FileDescriptor.in)) {
            
            close();
            System.out.println("finalize and close");
        } else {
            System.out.println("only call finalize");
        }
    }
}

可以看到，只要执行了 finalize() 方法，那么就会打印一行 “finalize”。

然后新建测试类，如下代码：

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;


public class TestFinalize {
    
    public static int count = 0;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        listFiles("D://Work//");
        System.out.println("遍历结束，等待 2 秒");
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000 * 2L);
        System.out.println("显式调用 gc");
        System.gc();
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000 * 2L);
        System.out.println("结束");
    }

    
    public static void listFiles(String path) {
        if (path == null || path.length() == 0) {
            return;
        }

        File file = new File(path);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            return;
        }

        if (file.isDirectory()) {
            // 遇到文件夹，往里面继续递归
            File[] files = file.listFiles();
            if (files != null && files.length > 0) {
                for (File dir : files) {
                    listFiles(dir.getAbsolutePath());
                }
            }
        }

        if (file.isFile()) {
            // 遇到是文件，那么计数 +1
            count++;
            if (count % 2000 == 0) {
                // 如果是 2000 的整数倍，那么打印文件的 md5，md5 打印需要用到 commons-codec-1.15.jar
                try {
                    // 这里直接 new MyFileInputStream 并没有显式 close，同时工具方法里面也没有调用 close()
                    String md5 = org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils.md5Hex(new MyFileInputStream(file));
                    System.out.println("count = " + count + ", md5 = " + md5);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

运行代码，得到如下的结果：

count = 2000, md5 = da6a56cda0772e7b321621472f1ca9ce
count = 4000, md5 = 8fc19cf5f7675179ed14abce784e29da
count = 6000, md5 = f93186d553b72e168f84ef9870285a17
count = 8000, md5 = 6af44868883a83b7ae4a0c3529ebc6ef
count = 10000, md5 = f570fdda290a62db840538c460e46510
count = 12000, md5 = 26ae171433b7c355223fa43f9d605110
count = 14000, md5 = c5f924cee8c51c19825af3713044b67a
count = 16000, md5 = deda72e7ef14674a49295f460301b4cf
count = 18000, md5 = 08753370d8c5bbda239e4d349892730c
count = 20000, md5 = df1213e1584803bf0a549c5a1c14f111
count = 22000, md5 = 9751d0dbc67c75cb446bdaf2d2434f66
count = 24000, md5 = 962cf50af21894734a78493e2f4df31b
count = 26000, md5 = f9556c74d758838e9c2202921de50056
count = 28000, md5 = 2a2699c13ff46dd34305bc5c7b780b52
count = 30000, md5 = 71af55db4adf6c7b2e667f031a809e91
count = 32000, md5 = bdef65ff9a12c5808b491f4b0be362d1
count = 34000, md5 = 9f1da8e150bfe5077c7ab82b3727aba0
count = 36000, md5 = 648422e1e6b89a1e331e407e6c7fc652
count = 38000, md5 = d1d9e7a656db7d0a4e79110fdb3f3462
count = 40000, md5 = 50b6c156bf30447d4f0b891677b75617
count = 42000, md5 = 1be6de12ec79e310675f1b1e5f1e891c
count = 44000, md5 = 027ca2c40a3D9b2d8f7818673cb6329c
count = 46000, md5 = 07e1a13fc5e3e5fdd3cacf998e57eaa8
count = 48000, md5 = c3bf74579b053ccdd5bb6bed7c8c5ab1
count = 50000, md5 = 78a2a70250a4df4f21523e0b94d6bca4
count = 52000, md5 = 769f5ea0d0a2c2b89d82a2bf2dbdbedd
count = 54000, md5 = c092d2f664c726da95f058018134bdfb
count = 56000, md5 = dc4d6f6ac6212f91d0aba93d692564c4
count = 58000, md5 = 217926c75b000f1dea20d319e9aeebbf
count = 60000, md5 = b437b7e80f6c52a42c3e4fe74be49c48
count = 62000, md5 = 9a92a6cf85e5513550ab801e12867dc9
count = 64000, md5 = b92bc3f149a121039aa8fe6a05f47b35
count = 66000, md5 = 064fd7ca2040cb21615e205b1f294e19
count = 68000, md5 = b4d20b20526769ef73702108c519cf25
count = 70000, md5 = 2436edd2550c69c1c2a519edfee2b853
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
count = 72000, md5 = 6513a7abfe9f456814216f4040d82f2e
count = 74000, md5 = 7b1a34f38c218fa59b775543e1d2784f
count = 76000, md5 = 5e02f191cec09d5a938233dd43bec96d
count = 78000, md5 = 8e80d1b1e0c42af8937fc570e94145d4
count = 80000, md5 = 42c2b3d42c7966e47a1de23e3c89eca6
count = 82000, md5 = ce45fc5afea20d7e5a4fc79ddc3b04cb
count = 84000, md5 = 51bd1280db5b549968b855f7d25f7075
count = 86000, md5 = c90629033ec6b8fbfe5f17f63a44cfa3
count = 88000, md5 = 71b5e1bdc7f76444fb0fe88bc0e3a669
count = 90000, md5 = a930f1957f273fd5cb0d7fc984096ce4
count = 92000, md5 = badfe45e2c5917dcec2d0be1a03583de
count = 94000, md5 = 9e74b89c1f8e8ecfb00b84001b45DDD7
count = 96000, md5 = 7b4464b79280f9ac23e4b241508aa2d1
count = 98000, md5 = d79fabe6804056b0a6572e95f7c970c0
count = 100000, md5 = bcb8f86c91f8e106bdce40584ddba54b
count = 102000, md5 = 8f578f7a6dbcbde77d375a2e7c98ceee
count = 104000, md5 = aa39503815c583a38b409c92e04e5d14
count = 106000, md5 = 34ec7897529f1b00a78b13db223f907b
count = 108000, md5 = ea83e11ece4e7fdcc23bd9214f486ae3
count = 110000, md5 = 05d69a87ebf4133795aad1aae4a99ebb
count = 112000, md5 = bcc781b71ff6b10a57923af9fcc85b38
count = 114000, md5 = 5e468c6233db3f6a4311ebafa6e35eb6
count = 116000, md5 = 365a5b3af1dd522ed7c9a8b106f90224
count = 118000, md5 = 9117c65ed9ff083256a86af10ab88d65
count = 120000, md5 = 97f24779279cfe2fa1d573ef83c21009
count = 122000, md5 = ba6b12f0b76b192d9dd74965919bad95
count = 124000, md5 = b54c8105da76b3f13dcf78495bc2ff52
count = 126000, md5 = 648422e1e6b89a1e331e407e6c7fc652
count = 128000, md5 = eb115942b0abf38b881353debe4bdb92
count = 130000, md5 = e469a50bf7cfd9f1fb95f7d5badc1641
count = 132000, md5 = 2be1bd409def8cfc4f32a49af4bf5e9f
count = 134000, md5 = e3a20ac5df9d81a2ce301886fdfc0f07
count = 136000, md5 = 77269649674cc0fdf4b379a523a3a829
count = 138000, md5 = aead3fc8f945488ab71cf64271f46c54
count = 140000, md5 = e7098eafd97649e4a77edea89d0d22ab
count = 142000, md5 = 28d392b26bbd86fb3312960b82572060
count = 144000, md5 = f37ea0c388bec909255c602adc0cdfe4
count = 146000, md5 = d91659c455a4f66f9a16c8f287ce9fc9
count = 148000, md5 = 338364a0d43b018333d3143a466e1cf2
遍历结束，等待 2 秒
显式调用 gc
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close
finalize and close

结论

上述测试可以看到，即使没有主动 close 流，MyFileInputStream 类（或者是 FileInputStream 类）在结束之后，也会自动被回收。在回收的时候调用 finalize() 方法自行 close 流。

所以在使用 FileInputStream 类，不显式调用 close 方法的话，一般不会造成内存泄漏。

会有其他问题吗

不主动 close 流的话，文件句柄还占用着，如果 JVM 没有及时清理这些流的话，那么可能导致资源泄露问题，可能会因为过多打开文件导致 CPU 和 RAM 占用居高，甚至无法再打开新的文件进行读写。

主动 close 的方式

    FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
    try {
        fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        fileInputStream.read();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        if (fileInputStream != null) {
            fileInputStream.close();
        }
    }

当 Java 1.7 之后，可以使用 try-with-resources 方式自动 close 流

    try (FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file)) {
        fileInputStream.read();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

总结

以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持编程网。