目录1、概述2、kubeconfig支持多集群、多用户、多认证3、Context的定义4、查看kubeconfig的配置5、kubeconfig设置5.1、设置集群5.2、设置用户5
kubeconfig文件保存了k8s集群的集群、用户、命名空间、认证的信息。kubectl命令使用kubeconfig文件来获取集群的信息,然后和api server进行通讯。
注意:用于配置对集群的访问的文件称为kubecconfig文件。也就是说,kubeconfig文件中包含的内容是集群的配置。但是,并不是必须有个文件名字叫kubeconfig
默认情况下,kubectl命令从$HOME/.kube目录下查找一个名字叫做config的文件。可以通过KUBECONFIG环境变量或者--kubeconfig参数来指定其他的kubeconfig文件。
kubeconfig中主要由如下部分组成:
在实际的使用中的如下场景:
都可以使用kubeconfig来组织起集群、用户、命名空间的信息。同样,也可以使用context在集群和命名空间之间进行切换。
在kubeconfig中,context中将访问一个集群的参数进行分组。访问这个context名称就是访问这个参数组。context就是一组信息的别名,举例来说,当在高德中使用家的地址,公司的地址就是一个别名,就能迅速的定位到具体的地址信息。
每个context都有3个参数:
默认情况下,kubectl命令从current context中来获取参数,然后与集群进行通讯。
如果有KUBECONFIG环境变量,看到的配置是合并的配置
[root@nccztsjb-node-11 ~]# kubectl config view
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED
server: https://k8s.apiserver.io:6443
name: cluster.local
contexts:
- context:
cluster: cluster.local
user: kubernetes-admin-cluster.local
name: kubernetes-admin-cluster.local@cluster.local
current-context: kubernetes-admin-cluster.local@cluster.local
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubernetes-admin-cluster.local
user:
client-certificate-data: REDACTED
client-key-data: REDACTED
[root@nccztsjb-node-11 ~]#
通过kubectl config view得到的配置可能是来自一个kubeconfig文件,也可能是来自多个kubeconfig文件合并的结果。
(1)集群有CA认证,并且将证书的输入嵌入到配置文件中
kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo set-cluster development --server=Https://1.2.3.4 --embed-certs --certificate-authority=ca.crt
指定--kubeconfig参数后,所有的配置都会写到对应的文件中。如果不指定--kubeconfig参数那么就会将配置文件写到~/.kube/config这个文件中。
--certificate-authority后面是ca证书的路径,需要确保这个证书是存在的。
查看config-demo文件的内容
[root@nccztsjb-node-11 config-exercise]# cat config-demo
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority-data: 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
server: https://1.2.3.4
name: development
contexts: null
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users: null
[root@nccztsjb-node-11 config-exercise]#
已经设置好了集群
(2)集群没有证书的
kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo set-cluster development --server=https://1.2.3.4
查看证书内容
[root@nccztsjb-node-11 config-exercise]# kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo set-cluster development --server=https://1.2.3.4
Cluster "development" set.
[root@nccztsjb-node-11 config-exercise]# cat config-demo
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
server: https://1.2.3.4
name: development
contexts: null
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users: null
[root@nccztsjb-node-11 config-exercise]
(3)集群有证书,但是证书验证的
kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo set-cluster scratch --server=https://5.6.7.8 --insecure-skip-tls-verify
查看证书的内容
[root@nccztsjb-node-11 config-exercise]# cat config-demo
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority-data: 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
server: https://1.2.3.4
name: development
- cluster:
insecure-skip-tls-verify: true
server: https://5.6.7.8
name: scratch
contexts: null
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users: null
[root@nccztsjb-node-11 config-exercise]#
(4)删除集群
kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo unset clusters.development
(1)设置用户,使用客户端的证书和客户端密钥,并且将证书数据嵌入到配置文件中
kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo set-credentials developer --client-certificate=fake-cert-file --client-key=fake-key-seefile --embed-certs=true
注意:客户端证书和key必须要存在。
(2)设置用户,使用用户名和密码
kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo set-credentials experimenter --username=exp --passWord=some-password
(3)删除用户
kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo unset users.experimenter
experimenter这个就是使用set-credentials参数后面的名字。
kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo set-context dev-frontend --cluster=development --namespace=frontend --user=developer
设置context将集群、命名空间、用户进行分组。即在dev-fronted这个context的以developer用户的信息访问developement集群的frontend命名空间。
kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo set-context dev-storage --cluster=development --namespace=storage --user=developer
dev-stroage这个context访问stroage命名空间。
查看通过以上的所有配置形成的kubeconfig文件
[root@nccztsjb-node-11 config-exercise]# cat config-demo
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority: fake-ca-file
server: https://1.2.3.4
name: development
- cluster:
insecure-skip-tls-verify: true
server: https://5.6.7.8
name: scratch
contexts:
- context:
cluster: development
namespace: frontend
user: developer
name: dev-frontend
- context:
cluster: development
namespace: storage
user: developer
name: dev-storage
- context:
cluster: scratch
namespace: default
user: experimenter
name: exp-scratch
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: developer
user:
client-certificate: fake-cert-file
client-key: fake-key-seefile
- name: experimenter
user:
password: some-password.
username: exp
kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo use-context dev-frontend
查看当前的context
kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo current-context
kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo view --minify
[root@nccztsjb-node-11 config-exercise]# kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo view --minify
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority: fake-ca-file
server: https://1.2.3.4
name: development
contexts:
- context:
cluster: development
namespace: frontend
user: developer
name: dev-frontend
current-context: dev-frontend
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: developer
user:
client-certificate: fake-cert-file
client-key: fake-key-seefile
那么kubeconfig中的其他的信息就不会显示
[root@nccztsjb-node-11 config-exercise]# kubectl config --kubeconfig=config-demo get-contexts
CURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE
* dev-frontend development developer frontend
dev-storage development developer storage
exp-scratch scratch experimenter default
ok,以上就是kubeconfig的基本配置和使用。
主要就是2个概念,kubeconfig由集群、用户、context组成。context将集群、命名空间、用户进行分组。每个context对应一个环境信息。
到此这篇关于k8s中kubeconfig的配置以及使用的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关k8s中kubeconfig配置使用内容请搜索编程网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持编程网!
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本文标题: k8s中kubeconfig的配置以及使用详解
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