Python内置函数—vars的具体使用方法

本文文章主要介绍了python内置函数—vars的具体使用方法，分享给大家，具体如下：

英文文档：

vars([object])

Return the __dict__ attribute for a module, class, instance, or any other object with a __dict__ attribute.Objects such as modules and instances have an updateable __dict__ attribute; however, other objects may have write restrictions on their __dict__ attributes (for example, classes use a dictproxy to prevent direct dictionary updates).Without an argument, vars() acts like locals(). Note, the locals dictionary is only useful for reads since updates to the locals dictionary are ignored.

参数

object -- 对象

返回值

返回对象object的属性和属性值的字典对象，如果没有参数，就打印当前调用位置的属性和属性值 类似 locals()。

说明

1. 当函数不接收参数时，其功能和locals函数一样，返回当前作用域内的局部变量。

#不带参数功能和locals函数一样
>>> v1 = vars()
>>> l1 = locals()
>>> v1
{'__name__': '__main__', '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, 'v1': {...}, 'l1': {...}, '__spec__': None, '__doc__': None, '__package__': None, '__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>}
>>> l1
{'__name__': '__main__', '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, 'v1': {...}, 'l1': {...}, '__spec__': None, '__doc__': None, '__package__': None, '__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>}

2. 当函数接收一个参数时，参数可以是模块、类、类实例，或者定义了__dict__属性的对象。

#作用于模块
>>> import time
>>> vars(time)
{'gmtime': <built-in function gmtime>, 'tzname': ('Öйú±ê׼ʱ¼ä', 'ÖйúÏÄÁîʱ'), 'timezone': -28800, 'struct_time': <class 'time.struct_time'>, 'ctime': <built-in function ctime>, 'perf_counter': <built-in function perf_counter>, 'mktime': <built-in function mktime>, 'localtime': <built-in function localtime>, 'time': <built-in function time>, '__package__': '', 'altzone': -32400, 'clock': <built-in function clock>, 'strptime': <built-in function strptime>, 'monotonic': <built-in function monotonic>, '__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, 'get_clock_info': <built-in function get_clock_info>, 'sleep': <built-in function sleep>, 'process_time': <built-in function process_time>, '__name__': 'time', '_STRUCT_TM_ITEMS': 9, '__spec__': ModuleSpec(name='time', loader=<class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, origin='built-in'), '__doc__': 'This module provides various functions to manipulate time values.nnThere are two standard representations of time. One is the numbernof seconds since the Epoch, in UTC (a.k.a. GMT). It may be an integernor a floating point number (to represent fractions of seconds).nThe Epoch is system-defined; on Unix, it is generally January 1st, 1970.nThe actual value can be retrieved by calling gmtime(0).nnThe other representation is a tuple of 9 integers giving local time.nThe tuple items are:n year (including century, e.g. 1998)n month (1-12)n day (1-31)n hours (0-23)n minutes (0-59)n seconds (0-59)n weekday (0-6, Monday is 0)n Julian day (day in the year, 1-366)n DST (Daylight Savings Time) flag (-1, 0 or 1)nIf the DST flag is 0, the time is given in the regular time zone;nif it is 1, the time is given in the DST time zone;nif it is -1, mktime() should guess based on the date and time.nnVariables:nntimezone -- difference in seconds between UTC and local standard timenaltzone -- difference in seconds between UTC and local DST timendaylight -- whether local time should reflect DSTntzname -- tuple of (standard time zone name, DST time zone name)nnFunctions:nntime() -- return current time in seconds since the Epoch as a floatnclock() -- return CPU time since process start as a floatnsleep() -- delay for a number of seconds given as a floatngmtime() -- convert seconds since Epoch to UTC tuplenlocaltime() -- convert seconds since Epoch to local time tuplenasctime() -- convert time tuple to stringnctime() -- convert time in seconds to stringnmktime() -- convert local time tuple to seconds since Epochnstrftime() -- convert time tuple to string according to fORMat specificationnstrptime() -- parse string to time tuple according to format specificationntzset() -- change the local timezone', 'strftime': <built-in function strftime>, 'asctime': <built-in function asctime>, 'daylight': 0}

#作用于类
>>> vars(slice)
mappingproxy({'__ne__': <slot wrapper '__ne__' of 'slice' objects>, '__getattribute__': <slot wrapper '__getattribute__' of 'slice' objects>, '__reduce__': <method '__reduce__' of 'slice' objects>, 'start': <member 'start' of 'slice' objects>, 'indices': <method 'indices' of 'slice' objects>, '__ge__': <slot wrapper '__ge__' of 'slice' objects>, 'stop': <member 'stop' of 'slice' objects>, '__eq__': <slot wrapper '__eq__' of 'slice' objects>, 'step': <member 'step' of 'slice' objects>, '__hash__': None, '__doc__': 'slice(stop)nslice(start, stop[, step])nnCreate a slice object. This is used for extended slicing (e.g. a[0:10:2]).', '__repr__': <slot wrapper '__repr__' of 'slice' objects>, '__le__': <slot wrapper '__le__' of 'slice' objects>, '__gt__': <slot wrapper '__gt__' of 'slice' objects>, '__new__': <built-in method __new__ of type object at 0x6A91B420>, '__lt__': <slot wrapper '__lt__' of 'slice' objects>})

#作用于类实例
>>> class A(object):
  pass

>>> a.__dict__
{}
>>> vars(a)
{}
>>> a.name = 'Kim'
>>> a.__dict__
{'name': 'Kim'}
>>> vars(a)
{'name': 'Kim'}

本函数是实现返回对象object的属性和属性值的字典对象。如果默认不输入参数，就打印当前调用位置的属性和属性值，相当于locals()的功能。如果有参数输入，就只打印这个参数相应的属性和属性值。

例子：

#vars() 
 
print(vars()) 
 
class Foo: 
  a = 1 
print(vars(Foo)) 
 
foo = Foo() 
print(vars(foo)) 

结果输出如下：

{'Foo': <class '__main__.Foo'>, 'B': <class '__main__.B'>, '__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__spec__': None,...
{'__module__': '__main__', 'a': 1, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Foo' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Foo' objects>, '__doc__': None}
{}

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持编程网。