Golang基础教程之字符串string实例详解

// StringHeader is the runtime representation of a string.
// It cannot be used safely or portably and its representation may
// change in a later release.
// Moreover, the Data field is not sufficient to guarantee the data
// it references will not be garbage collected, so programs must keep
// a separate, correctly typed pointer to the underlying data.
type StringHeader struct {
	Data uintptr
	Len  int
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"unsafe"
)

func main() {

	a := "hello,world"
	b := a[6:]


	bptr := (*reflect.StringHeader) (unsafe.Pointer(&b))

	fmt.Println(a)
	fmt.Println(b)

	*(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(bptr.Data)) = '.'

	fmt.Println(a)
	fmt.Println(b)
}

// 运行结果
hello,world
world
unexpected fault address 0x49d7e3
fatal error: fault
[signal 0xc0000005 code=0x1 addr=0x49d7e3 pc=0x4779fa]

goroutine 1 [running]:
runtime.throw(0x49c948, 0x5)
	C:/Program Files/Go/src/runtime/panic.go:1117 +0x79 fp=0xc0000dbe90 sp=0xc0000dbe60 pc=0x405fd9
runtime.sigpanic()
	C:/Program Files/Go/src/runtime/signal_windows.go:245 +0x2d6 fp=0xc0000dbee8 sp=0xc0000dbe90 pc=0x4189f6
main.main()
	F:/go_workspace/src/code/string_test/main.go:20 +0x13a fp=0xc0000dbf88 sp=0xc0000dbee8 pc=0x4779fa
runtime.main()
	C:/Program Files/Go/src/runtime/proc.go:225 +0x256 fp=0xc0000dbfe0 sp=0xc0000dbf88 pc=0x4087f6
runtime.goexit()
	C:/Program Files/Go/src/runtime/asm_amd64.s:1371 +0x1 fp=0xc0000dbfe8 sp=0xc0000dbfe0 pc=0x435da1

Process finished with the exit code 2

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"unsafe"
)

func main() {

	a := "hello,world"
	b := a

	fmt.Println(a)
	fmt.Println(b)

	aptr := (*reflect.StringHeader) (unsafe.Pointer(&a))
	bptr := (*reflect.StringHeader) (unsafe.Pointer(&b))

	fmt.Println("a ptr:", unsafe.Pointer(aptr.Data))
	fmt.Println("b ptr:", unsafe.Pointer(bptr.Data))
}

// 运行结果
hello, world
hello, world
a ptr: 0x6bdb76
b ptr: 0x6bdb76

func main() {

	a := "hello,world"
	b := a[6:]

	fmt.Println(a)
	fmt.Println(b)

	aptr := (*reflect.StringHeader) (unsafe.Pointer(&a))
	bptr := (*reflect.StringHeader) (unsafe.Pointer(&b))

	fmt.Println("a ptr:", unsafe.Pointer(aptr.Data))
	fmt.Println("b ptr:", unsafe.Pointer(bptr.Data))
}

// 运行结果
hello,world
world
a ptr: 0xd4d849
b ptr: 0xd4d84f

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"unsafe"
)

func main() {

	a := "hello,world"

	aptr := (*reflect.StringHeader) (unsafe.Pointer(&a))

	fmt.Println("a ptr:", unsafe.Pointer(aptr.Data))
	fmt.Println("a len", aptr.Len)

	a = "hello,golang"
	newAPtr := (*reflect.StringHeader) (unsafe.Pointer(&a))
	fmt.Println("b ptr:", unsafe.Pointer(newAPtr.Data))
	fmt.Println("b len:", newAPtr.Len)
}

// 运行结果
a ptr: 0x3ed7f4
a len 11
b ptr: 0x3edb2c
b len: 12

func concatstrings(a []string) string { // 字符串拼接
    length := 0        // 拼接后总的字符串长度
 
    for _, str := range a {
        length += length(str)
    }
 
    s, b := rawstring(length) // 生成指定大小的字符串，返回一个string和切片，二者共享内存空间
 
    for _, str := range a {
        copy(b, str)    // string无法修改，只能通过切片修改
        b = b[len(str):]
    }
    
    return s
}

func rawstring(size int) (s string, b []byte) { // 生成一个新的string，返回的string和切片共享相同的空间
    p := mallocGC(uintptr(size), nil, false)
 
    stringStructOf(&s).str = p
    stringStructOf(&s).len = size
 
    *(*slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)) = slice{p, size, size}
    return
}