目录真实的故事定义枚举表示教程进度定义角色类定义教程类测试代码状态模式出场定义代码重构创建状态基类重构教程类创建各个子状态添加状态容器结语真实的故事 当老胡还是小胡的时候,跟随团队一
当老胡还是小胡的时候,跟随团队一起开发一款游戏。这款游戏是一款末日生存类游戏,玩家可以
项目开发的很顺利,我那时得到一个任务,是为游戏做一个新手教程,在这个教程里面,通过一系列步骤,引导新手玩家熟悉这个游戏。游戏设计给出的教程包含以下步骤
同时要求在不用的阶段显示不同的提示以正确引导玩家。考虑合成装备算是高级玩家才会接触到的功能,所以暂时不打算放在新手教程里面。
当老大把任务交给我的时候,我感觉简单爆了,不就写一个新手教程么,要求又那么明确,应该要不了多少时间。于是,一个上午过后,我交出了如下代码。
首先用一个枚举,表示教程进行的不同程度
enum TutorialState
{
GetGold,
GetIron,
KillEnemy,
LevelUp
}
无需多言,封装收集到的资源数、击杀敌人数量、角色等级和一些升级接口等
class Player
{
private int ironNum;
private int goldNum;
private int enemyKilled;
private int level;
public int IronNum => ironNum;
public int GoldNum => goldNum;
public int EnemyKilled => enemyKilled;
public int Level => level;
public void CollectIron(int num)
{
ironNum += num;
}
public void CollectGold(int num)
{
goldNum += num;
}
public void KillEnemy()
{
enemyKilled++;
}
public void LevelUp()
{
level++;
}
}
定义一个教程类,包括
class GameTutorial
{
private TutorialState currentState;
private Player player;
public GameTutorial(Player player)
{
this.player = player;
}
public void ShowHelpDescription()
{
switch (currentState)
{
case TutorialState.GetGold:
Console.WriteLine("Please follow instruction to get gold");
break;
case TutorialState.GetIron:
Console.WriteLine("Please follow instruction to get Iron");
break;
case TutorialState.KillEnemy:
Console.WriteLine("Please follow instruction to kill enemy");
break;
case TutorialState.LevelUp:
Console.WriteLine("Please follow instruction to Up your level");
break;
default:
throw new Exception("Not Support");
}
}
public void ValidateState()
{
switch (currentState)
{
case TutorialState.GetGold:
{
if (player.GoldNum > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Congratulations, you finished Gold Collect Phase");
currentState = TutorialState.GetIron;
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("You need to collect gold");
}
break;
}
case TutorialState.GetIron:
{
if (player.IronNum > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Congratulations, you finished Iron Collect Phase");
currentState = TutorialState.KillEnemy;
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("You need to collect Iron");
}
break;
}
case TutorialState.KillEnemy:
{
if (player.EnemyKilled > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Congratulations, you finished Enemy Kill Phase");
currentState = TutorialState.LevelUp;
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("You need to kill enemy");
}
break;
}
case TutorialState.LevelUp:
{
if (player.Level > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Congratulations, you finished the whole tutorial");
currentState = TutorialState.LevelUp;
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("You need to level up");
}
break;
}
default:
throw new Exception("Not Support");
}
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Player player = new Player();
GameTutorial tutorial = new GameTutorial(player);
tutorial.ShowHelpDescription();
tutorial.ValidateState();
//收集黄金
player.CollectGold(1);
tutorial.ValidateState();
tutorial.ShowHelpDescription();
//收集木头
player.CollectIron(1);
tutorial.ValidateState();
tutorial.ShowHelpDescription();
//杀敌
player.KillEnemy();
tutorial.ValidateState();
tutorial.ShowHelpDescription();
//升级
player.LevelUp();
tutorial.ValidateState();
}
运行结果
看起来一切都好。。编写的代码既能够根据当前步骤显示不同的提示,还可以成功的根据玩家的进度切换到下一个步骤。
于是,我自信满满的申请了code review,按照我的想法,这段代码通过code review应该是板上钉钉的事情,谁知,老大看到代码,差点没背过气去。。。稍微平复了一下心情之后,他给了我几个灵魂拷问。
本来以为如此简单的一个功能,没想到还是有那么多弯弯道道,只怪自己还是太年轻啊!最后他悠悠的告诉我,去看看状态模式吧,想想这段代码可以怎么重构。
对象拥有内在状态,当内在状态改变时允许其改变行为,这个对象看起来像改变了其类
有点意思,看来我们可以把教程的不同步骤抽象成不同的状态,然后在各个状态内部实现切换状态和显示帮助文档的逻辑,这样做的好处是
接着我们看看UML,
一目了然,在我们的例子里面,state就是教程子步骤,context就是教程类,内部包含教程子步骤并转发请求给教程子步骤,我们跟着来重构一下代码吧。
第一步我们需要删除之前的枚举,取而代之的是一个抽象类当作状态基类,即,各个教程步骤类的基类。注意,每个子状态要自己负责状态切换,所以我们需要教程类暴露接口以满足这个功能。
abstract class TutorialState
{
public abstract void ShowHelpDescription();
public abstract void Validate(GameTutorial tutorial);
}
重构教程类体现在以下方面
class GameTutorial
{
private TutorialState currentState;
private Player player;
public int PlayerIronNum => player.IronNum;
public int PlayerLevel => player.Level;
public int PlayerGoldNum => player.GoldNum;
public int PlayerEnemyKilled => player.EnemyKilled;
public void SetState(TutorialState state)
{
currentState = state;
}
public GameTutorial(Player player)
{
this.player = player;
currentState = TutorialStateContext.GetGold;
}
public void ShowHelpDescription()
{
currentState.ShowHelpDescription();
}
public void ValidateState()
{
currentState.Validate(this);
}
}
接着我们创建各个子状态代表不同的教程步骤
class TutorialSateGetGold : TutorialState
{
public override void ShowHelpDescription()
{
Console.WriteLine("Please follow instruction to get gold");
}
public override void Validate(GameTutorial tutorial)
{
if (tutorial.PlayerGoldNum > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Congratulations, you finished Gold Collect Phase");
tutorial.SetState(TutorialStateContext.GetIron);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("You need to collect gold");
}
}
}
class TutorialStateGetIron : TutorialState
{
public override void ShowHelpDescription()
{
Console.WriteLine("Please follow instruction to get Iron");
}
public override void Validate(GameTutorial tutorial)
{
if (tutorial.PlayerIronNum > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Congratulations, you finished Iron Collect Phase");
tutorial.SetState(TutorialStateContext.KillEnemy);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("You need to collect iron");
}
}
}
class TutorialStateKillEnemy : TutorialState
{
public override void ShowHelpDescription()
{
Console.WriteLine("Please follow instruction to kill enemy");
}
public override void Validate(GameTutorial tutorial)
{
if (tutorial.PlayerEnemyKilled > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Congratulations, you finished enemy kill Phase");
tutorial.SetState(TutorialStateContext.LevelUp);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("You need to collect kill enemy");
}
}
}
class TutorialStateLevelUp : TutorialState
{
public override void ShowHelpDescription()
{
Console.WriteLine("Please follow instruction to level up");
}
public override void Validate(GameTutorial tutorial)
{
if (tutorial.PlayerLevel > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Congratulations, you finished the whole tutorial");
}
}
}
这是模式中没有提到的知识点,一般来说,为了避免大量的子状态对象被创建,我们会构造一个状态容器,以静态变量的方式初始化需要使用的子状态。
static class TutorialStateContext
{
public static TutorialState GetGold;
public static TutorialState GetIron;
public static TutorialState KillEnemy;
public static TutorialState LevelUp;
static TutorialStateContext()
{
GetGold = new TutorialSateGetGold();
GetIron = new TutorialStateGetIron();
KillEnemy = new TutorialStateKillEnemy();
LevelUp = new TutorialStateLevelUp();
}
}
测试代码部分保持不变,直接运行,结果和原来一样,重构成功。
--结束END--
本文标题: C#中对象状态模式教程示例
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