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目录1. 简介2. 定义2.1 @Conditional2.2 Condition3. 使用说明3.1 创建项目3.2 测试3.3 小结4. 改进4.1 创建注解4.2 修改User
@Conditional注解在Spring4.0中引入,其主要作用就是判断条件是否满足,从而决定是否初始化并向容器注册Bean。
@Conditional
注解定义如下:其内部只有一个参数为Class对象数组,且必须继承自Condition
接口,通过重写Condition
接口的matches
方法来判断是否需要加载Bean
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Conditional {
Class<? extends Condition>[] value();
}
Condition
接口定义如下:该接口为一个函数式接口,只有一个matches
接口,形参为ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata
。ConditionContext
定义如2.2.1
,AnnotatedTypeMetadata
见名知意,就是用来获取注解的元信息的
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Condition {
boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata);
}
2.2.1 ConditionContext
ConditionContext
接口定义如下:通过查看源码可以知道,从这个类中可以获取很多有用的信息
public interface ConditionContext {
BeanDefinitionReGIStry getRegistry();
@Nullable
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory getBeanFactory();
Environment getEnvironment();
ResourceLoader getResourceLoader();
@Nullable
ClassLoader getClassLoader();
}
通过一个简单的小例子测试一下@Conditional
是不是真的能实现Bean的条件化注入。
首先我们创建一个SpringBoot项目
3.1.1 导入依赖
这里我们除了springboot依赖,再添加个lombok依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="Http://Maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.ldx</groupId>
<artifactId>condition</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>condition</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.1.2 添加配置信息
在application.yaml 中加入配置信息
user:
enable: false
3.1.3 创建User类
package com.ldx.condition;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
private String name;
private Integer age;
}
3.1.4 创建条件实现类
package com.ldx.condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;
public class UserCondition implements Condition {
@Override
public boolean matches(ConditionContext conditionContext, AnnotatedTypeMetadata annotatedTypeMetadata) {
Environment environment = conditionContext.getEnvironment();
// 获取property user.enable
String property = environment.getProperty("user.enable");
// 如果user.enable的值等于true 那么返回值为true,反之为false
return "true".equals(property);
}
}
3.1.5 修改启动类
package com.ldx.condition;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;
@Slf4j
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConditionApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(ConditionApplication.class, args);
// 获取类型为User类的Bean
User user = applicationContext.getBean(User.class);
log.info("user bean === {}", user);
}
@Bean
@Conditional(UserCondition.class)
public User getUser(){
return new User("张三",18);
}
}
3.2.1 当user.enable=false
报错找不到可用的User类型的Bean
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v2.5.3)
2021-08-01 17:07:51.994 INFO 47036 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : Starting ConditionApplication using Java 1.8.0_261 on ludangxindeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 47036 (/Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition/target/classes started by ludangxin in /Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition)
2021-08-01 17:07:51.997 INFO 47036 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-08-01 17:07:52.461 INFO 47036 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : Started ConditionApplication in 0.791 seconds (JVM running for 1.371)
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.ldx.condition.User' available
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:351)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:342)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1172)
at com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication.main(ConditionApplication.java:16)
Process finished with exit code 1
3.2.2 当user.enable=true
正常输出UserBean实例信息
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v2.5.3)
2021-08-01 17:13:38.022 INFO 47129 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : Starting ConditionApplication using Java 1.8.0_261 on ludangxindeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 47129 (/Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition/target/classes started by ludangxin in /Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition)
2021-08-01 17:13:38.024 INFO 47129 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-08-01 17:13:38.434 INFO 47129 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : Started ConditionApplication in 0.711 seconds (JVM running for 1.166)
2021-08-01 17:13:38.438 INFO 47129 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : user bean === User(name=张三, age=18)
上面的例子通过使用@Conditional
和Condition
接口,实现了spring bean的条件化注入。
好处:
从上面的使用说明中我们了解到了条件注解的大概使用方法,但是代码中还是有很多硬编码的问题。比如:UserCondition
中的property的key包括value都是硬编码,其实我们可以通过再扩展一个注解来实现动态的判断和绑定。
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
// 指定condition的实现类
@Conditional({UserCondition.class})
public @interface MyConditionOnProperty {
// 配置信息的key
String name();
// 配置信息key对应的值
String value();
}
package com.ldx.condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;
import java.util.Map;
public class UserCondition implements Condition {
@Override
public boolean matches(ConditionContext conditionContext, AnnotatedTypeMetadata annotatedTypeMetadata) {
Environment environment = conditionContext.getEnvironment();
// 获取自定义的注解
Map<String, Object> annotationAttributes = annotatedTypeMetadata.getAnnotationAttributes("com.ldx.condition.MyConditionOnProperty");
// 获取在注解中指定的name的property的值 如:user.enable的值
String property = environment.getProperty(annotationAttributes.get("name").toString());
// 获取预期的值
String value = annotationAttributes.get("value").toString();
return value.equals(property);
}
}
测试后,结果符合预期。
其实在spring中已经内置了许多常用的条件注解,其中我们刚实现的就在内置的注解中已经实现了,如下。
注解 | 说明 |
---|---|
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate | 当给定类型的bean存在并且指定为Primary的给定类型存在时,返回true |
@ConditionalOnMissingBean | 当给定的类型、类名、注解、昵称在beanFactory中不存在时返回true.各类型间是or的关系 |
@ConditionalOnBean | 与上面相反,要求bean存在 |
@ConditionalOnMissinGClass | 当给定的类名在类路径上不存在时返回true,各类型间是and的关系 |
@ConditionalOnClass | 与上面相反,要求类存在 |
@ConditionalOnCloudPlatfORM | 当所配置的CloudPlatform为激活时返回true |
@ConditionalOnExpression | spel表达式执行为true |
@ConditionalOnJava | 运行时的java版本号是否包含给定的版本号.如果包含,返回匹配,否则,返回不匹配 |
@ConditionalOnProperty | 要求配置属性匹配条件 |
@ConditionalOnJndi | 给定的jndi的Location 必须存在一个.否则,返回不匹配 |
@ConditionalOnNotWEBApplication | web环境不存在时 |
@ConditionalOnWebApplication | web环境存在时 |
@ConditionalOnResource | 要求制定的资源存在 |
到此这篇关于SpringBoot自动装配Condition的实现方式的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关SpringBoot自动装配内容请搜索编程网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持编程网!
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本文标题: SpringBoot自动装配Condition的实现方式
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