pygame面向对象的飞行小鸟实现(Flappy bird)

pygame.transfORM 里面的各种变化功能
pygame.sprite 精灵模块里面的方法

import pygame
import random

MAP_WIDTH = 288 # 地图大小
MAP_HEIGHT = 512
FPS = 30 # 刷新率
PIPE_GAPS = [110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160] # 缺口的距离 有这6个随机距离

# 写的途中的全局变量都可以写在最上面 

pygame.init() # 进行初始化
SCREEN = pygame.display.set_mode((MAP_WIDTH, MAP_HEIGHT)) # 屏幕大小
pygame.display.set_caption('飞行小鸟') # 标题
CLOCK = pygame.time.Clock() 

SPRITE_FILE = './images'
IMAGES = {}
IMAGES['guide'] = pygame.image.load(SPRITE_FILE + 'guide.png')
IMAGES['gameover'] = pygame.image.load(SPRITE_FILE + 'gameover.png')
IMAGES['floor'] = pygame.image.load(SPRITE_FILE + 'floor.png')

SPRITE_SOUND = './audio/'
SOUNDS = {} 
SOUNDS['start'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'start.wav')
SOUNDS['die'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'die.wav')
SOUNDS['hit'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'hit.wav')
SOUNDS['score'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'score.wav')

def main():
		menu_window()
    result = game_window()
    end_window(result)

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

def menu_window():
	pass

def game_window():
	pass

def end_window(result):
	pass

# 这里就是写运行三种游戏界面的代码

class Bird(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
  def __init__(self, x, y):
    # super(Bird, self).__init__(x, y)
    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
    pass

  def update(self, flap=False):
    pass

  def Go_die(self):
    pass

class Pipe(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
  def __init__(self, x, y, upwards=True):
    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
    pass

  def update(self):
    pass

"""
Project: pygame
Creator: stan Z
Create time: 2021-03-08 19:37
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:
"""
import pygame
import random

######################################## 定义变量
MAP_WIDTH = 288 # 地图大小
MAP_HEIGHT = 512
FPS = 30 # 刷新率
PIPE_GAPS = [90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140] # 缺口的距离 有这6个随机距离
# PIPE_GAPS1 = []
PIPE_HEIGHT_RANGE = [int(MAP_HEIGHT * 0.3), int(MAP_HEIGHT * 0.7)] # 管道长度范围
PIPE_DISTANCE = 120 # 管道之间距离

######################################## 游戏基本设置
pygame.init() # 进行初始化
SCREEN = pygame.display.set_mode((MAP_WIDTH, MAP_HEIGHT)) # 调用窗口设置屏幕大小
pygame.display.set_caption('飞行小鸟byStanZ') # 标题
CLOCK = pygame.time.Clock() # 建立时钟

######################################## 加载素材
SPRITE_FILE = './images'
# 列表推导式 获得三种不同的鸟和三种状态
BIRDS = [[f'{SPRITE_FILE}{bird}-{move}.png' for move in ['up', 'mid', 'down']] for bird in ['red', 'blue', 'yellow']]
BGPICS = [SPRITE_FILE + 'day.png', SPRITE_FILE + 'night.png']
PIPES = [SPRITE_FILE + 'green-pipe.png', SPRITE_FILE + 'red-pipe.png']
NUMBERS = [f'{SPRITE_FILE}{n}.png' for n in range(10)]

# 将图片设置成一个大字典 里面通过key-value存不同的场景图
IMAGES = {}
IMAGES['numbers'] = [pygame.image.load(number) for number in NUMBERS] # 数字素材有10张 因此遍历
IMAGES['guide'] = pygame.image.load(SPRITE_FILE + 'guide.png')
IMAGES['gameover'] = pygame.image.load(SPRITE_FILE + 'gameover.png')
IMAGES['floor'] = pygame.image.load(SPRITE_FILE + 'floor.png')

# 地板的高是一个很常用的变量 因此我们专门拿出来
FLOOR_H = MAP_HEIGHT - IMAGES['floor'].get_height() # 屏幕高减去floor图片的高 就是他在屏幕里的位置

SPRITE_SOUND = './sound'
SOUNDS = {} # 同理声音素材也这样做
SOUNDS['start'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'start.wav')
SOUNDS['die'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'die.wav')
SOUNDS['hit'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'hit.wav')
SOUNDS['score'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'score.wav')
SOUNDS['flap'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'flap.wav')
SOUNDS['death'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'death.wav')
SOUNDS['main'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'main_theme.ogg')
SOUNDS['world_clear'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'world_clear.wav')


# 执行函数
def main():
  while True:
    IMAGES['bgpic'] = pygame.image.load(random.choice(BGPICS)) # random的choice方法可以随机从列表里返回一个元素 白天或者黑夜
    IMAGES['bird'] = [pygame.image.load(frame) for frame in random.choice(BIRDS)] # 列表推导式 鸟也是随机
    pipe = pygame.image.load(random.choice(PIPES))
    IMAGES['pipe'] = [pipe, pygame.transform.flip(pipe, False, True)] # flip是翻转 将管道放下面和上面 Flase水平不动，True上下翻转
    SOUNDS['start'].play()
    # SOUNDS['main'].play()
    menu_window()
    result = game_window()
    end_window(result)


def menu_window():
  SOUNDS['world_clear'].play()
  floor_gap = IMAGES['floor'].get_width() - MAP_WIDTH # 地板间隙 336 - 288 = 48
  floor_x = 0

  # 标题位置
  guide_x = (MAP_WIDTH - IMAGES['guide'].get_width()) / 2
  guide_y = MAP_HEIGHT * 0.12

  # 小鸟位置
  bird_x = MAP_WIDTH * 0.2
  bird_y = MAP_HEIGHT * 0.5 - IMAGES['bird'][0].get_height() / 2
  bird_y_vel = 1 # 小鸟飞行的速率 按y坐标向下
  max_y_shift = 50 # 小鸟飞行的最大幅度
  y_shift = 0 # 小鸟起始幅度为0

  idx = 0 # 小鸟翅膀煽动频率
  frame_seq = [0] * 5 + [1] * 5 + [2] * 5 + [1] * 5 # 控制小鸟翅膀运动上中下

  while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get(): # 监控行为
      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
        quit()
      elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
        return

    if floor_x <= -floor_gap: # 当地板跑到最大间隔的时候
      floor_x = floor_x + floor_gap # 刷新地板的x轴
    else:
      floor_x -= 4 # 地板 x轴的移动速度

    if abs(y_shift) == max_y_shift: # 如果y_shift的绝对值 = 最大幅度
      bird_y_vel *= -1 # 调转方向飞 同时飞行速度为1
    else:
      bird_y += bird_y_vel
    y_shift += bird_y_vel # 小鸟y轴正负交替 上下飞

    # 小鸟翅膀
    idx += 1 # 翅膀煽动频率
    idx %= len(frame_seq) # 通过取余得到 0 1 2
    frame_index = frame_seq[idx] # 小鸟图片的下标 就是翅膀的状态

    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['bgpic'], (0, 0))
    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['floor'], (floor_x, FLOOR_H))
    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['guide'], (guide_x, guide_y))
    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['bird'][frame_index], (bird_x, bird_y))

    pygame.display.update()
    CLOCK.tick(FPS) # 以每秒30帧刷新屏幕


def game_window():
  SOUNDS['world_clear'].stop()
  SOUNDS['main'].play()
  score = 0

  floor_gap = IMAGES['floor'].get_width() - MAP_WIDTH # 地板间隙 336 - 288 = 48
  floor_x = 0

  # 小鸟位置
  bird_x = MAP_WIDTH * 0.2
  bird_y = MAP_HEIGHT * 0.5 - IMAGES['bird'][0].get_height() / 2
  bird = Bird(bird_x, bird_y)

  n_pair = round(MAP_WIDTH / PIPE_DISTANCE) # 四舍五入取整数 屏幕宽度/两个管道之间的距离 这个距离时候刷新第二个管道 2.4
  pipe_group = pygame.sprite.Group() # 是一个集合

  # 生成前面的管道
  pipe_x = MAP_WIDTH
  pipe_y = random.randint(PIPE_HEIGHT_RANGE[0], PIPE_HEIGHT_RANGE[1]) # 管道长度随机从153.6 到 358.4
  pipe1 = Pipe(pipe_x, pipe_y, upwards=True) # 创建一个管道对象
  pipe_group.add(pipe1) # 将对象添加到这个精灵集合里面
  pipe2 = Pipe(pipe_x, pipe_y - random.choice(PIPE_GAPS), upwards=False) # 翻转的管道
  pipe_group.add(pipe2)

  SOUNDS['flap'].play()

  while True:
    flap = False

    for event in pygame.event.get():
      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
        quit()
      elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: # 空格拍翅膀
        SOUNDS['flap'].play()
        flap = True

    bird.update(flap)

    if floor_x <= -floor_gap: # 当地板跑到最大间隔的时候
      floor_x = floor_x + floor_gap # 刷新地板的x轴
    else:
      floor_x -= 4 # 地板 x轴的移动速度

    # 生成最后一个管道
    if len(pipe_group) / 2 < n_pair: # 当管道组长度<2.4 时 意思就是两个半管道的时候
      # sprites()将管道组返回成列表
      last_pipe = pipe_group.sprites()[-1]
      pipe_x = last_pipe.rect.right + PIPE_DISTANCE
      pipe_y = random.randint(PIPE_HEIGHT_RANGE[0], PIPE_HEIGHT_RANGE[1])
      pipe1 = Pipe(pipe_x, pipe_y, upwards=True)
      pipe_group.add(pipe1)
      pipe2 = Pipe(pipe_x, pipe_y - random.choice(PIPE_GAPS), upwards=False)
      pipe_group.add(pipe2)

    pipe_group.update()
    # 鸟的矩形y坐标如果大于地板的高度 就死亡
    # pygame.sprite.spritecollideany 碰撞函数 如果bird和pipe_group碰撞了 就死亡
    if bird.rect.y > FLOOR_H or bird.rect.y < 0 or pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(bird, pipe_group):
      SOUNDS['score'].stop()
      SOUNDS['main'].stop()
      SOUNDS['hit'].play()
      SOUNDS['die'].play()
      SOUNDS['death'].play()
      # 保存死亡时的鸟儿 分数 管道 继续显示在结束窗口
      result = {'bird': bird, 'score': score, 'pipe_group': pipe_group}
      return result

    # 当小鸟左边大于 管道右边就得分
    if pipe_group.sprites()[0].rect.left == 0:
      SOUNDS['score'].play()
      score += 1

    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['bgpic'], (0, 0))
    pipe_group.draw(SCREEN)
    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['floor'], (floor_x, FLOOR_H))
    SCREEN.blit(bird.image, bird.rect)
    show_score(score)
    pygame.display.update()
    CLOCK.tick(FPS)


def end_window(result):
  # 显示gameover的图片
  gameover_x = MAP_WIDTH * 0.5 - IMAGES['gameover'].get_width() / 2
  gameover_y = MAP_HEIGHT * 0.4
  bird = result['bird']
  pipe_group = result['pipe_group']

  while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
        quit()
      elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_SPACE and bird.rect.y > FLOOR_H:
        SOUNDS['death'].stop()
        return

    # 使用类go_die方法 鸟儿撞墙后 旋转往下
    bird.go_die()
    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['bgpic'], (0, 0))
    pipe_group.draw(SCREEN)
    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['floor'], (0, FLOOR_H))
    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['gameover'], (gameover_x, gameover_y))
    show_score(result['score'])
    SCREEN.blit(bird.image, bird.rect)
    pygame.display.update()
    CLOCK.tick(FPS)


# 显示得分
def show_score(score):
  score_str = str(score)
  w = IMAGES['numbers'][0].get_width()
  x = MAP_WIDTH / 2 - 2 * w / 2
  y = MAP_HEIGHT * 0.1
  for number in score_str: # IMAGES['numbers'] = [pygame.image.load(number) for number in NUMBERS]
    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['numbers'][int(number)], (x, y))
    x += w


class Bird(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
  def __init__(self, x, y):
    # super(Bird, self).__init__(x, y)
    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
    self.frames = IMAGES['bird'] # 鸟儿框架
    self.frame_list = [0] * 5 + [1] * 5 + [2] * 5 + [1] * 5 # 控制小鸟翅膀运动上中下
    self.frame_index = 0
    self.image = self.frames[self.frame_list[self.frame_index]] # 和菜单界面小鸟扇翅膀一个原理
    self.rect = self.image.get_rect() # 鸟儿的矩形
    self.rect.x = x
    self.rect.y = y
    self.gravity = 1 # 重力
    self.flap_acc = -10 # 翅膀拍打往上飞 y坐标-10
    self.y_vel = -10 # y坐标的速度
    self.max_y_vel = 15 # y轴下落最大速度
    self.rotate = 0 # 脑袋朝向
    self.rotate_vel = -3 # 转向速度
    self.max_rotate = -30 # 最大转向速度
    self.flap_rotate = 45 # 按了空格只会脑袋朝向上30度

  def update(self, flap=False):
    if flap:
      self.y_vel = self.flap_acc # 拍打翅膀 则y速度-10向上
      self.rotate = self.flap_rotate
    else:
      self.rotate = self.rotate + self.rotate_vel

    self.y_vel = min(self.y_vel + self.gravity, self.max_y_vel)
    self.rect.y += self.y_vel # 小鸟向上移动的距离
    self.rorate = max(self.rotate + self.rotate_vel, self.max_rotate)

    self.frame_index += 1 # 扇翅膀的速率
    self.frame_index %= len(self.frame_list) # 0~20
    self.image = self.frames[self.frame_list[self.frame_index]]
    self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image, self.rotate) # transform变形方法 旋转

  def go_die(self):
    if self.rect.y < FLOOR_H:
      self.y_vel = self.max_y_vel
      self.rect.y += self.y_vel
      self.rotate = -90
      self.image = self.frames[self.frame_list[self.frame_index]]
      self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image, self.rotate)


# 管道类
class Pipe(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
  def __init__(self, x, y, upwards=True):
    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
    self.x_vel = -4 # 管道移动速度
    # 默认属性为真 则是正向管道
    if upwards:
      self.image = IMAGES['pipe'][0]
      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
      self.rect.x = x
      self.rect.top = y
    # 利用flip方法 旋转管道成为反向管道
    else:
      self.image = IMAGES['pipe'][1]
      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
      self.rect.x = x
      self.rect.bottom = y

  def update(self):
    self.rect.x += self.x_vel # 管道x轴加移动速度
    if self.rect.right < 0:
      self.kill()


if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()